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The End of the Dark Ages: Transition to a New Era

The conclusion of the Dark Ages marked the onset of renewed growth through multiple factors including population growth, a shift toward agriculture, and enhanced foreign trade. Key milestones include the emergence of significant pottery styles, such as Protogeometric and Geometric periods spanning from 1050 to 700 BC, and the rise of early trading posts like Al Mina and Pithekoussai. The creation of monumental buildings, public religious structures, and the establishment of Panhellenic festivals also highlighted this transformative period, which saw advancements in writing and artistic expression.

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The End of the Dark Ages: Transition to a New Era

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  1. History 104 The End of the Dark Ages

  2. The End of the Dark Ages • Many factors culminate in a new period: • Increasing population • Why?

  3. The End of the Dark Ages • Shift to agriculture, movement away from pastoral wealth

  4. Some dates and periods(Based on Attic vase painting styles) • Protogeometric: 1050-900 • Early and Middle Geometric: 900-750 • Late Geometric: 750-700 • Takeaway: slow beginnings, rapid development at end

  5. The End of the Dark Ages • More extensive foreign trade • partially out of necessity • Early trading posts: Al Mina (800), Pithekoussai (750)

  6. Trade • Imported: metal, luxury goods, dyes • Exported: pottery, metalwork, woolen goods

  7. The End of the Dark Ages • New cultural and artistic models • due to foreign contact • More sophisticated practices at home.

  8. Developments of late Dark Ages • Writing (ca. 750-720) • Trade • Homeric epic

  9. Early Greek Writing

  10. “Nestor’s Cup”

  11. “Nestor’s Cup” • “I am the drinking cup of Nestor, good to drink from. Whoever drinks this cup, immediately the desire of beautiful-crowned Aphrodite will seize him.” • ca. 750, Pithekoussai

  12. Late Dark Age Developments, cont. • Monumental building (ca. 800) • Public religious structures

  13. Late Dark Age Developments, cont. • “Panhellenic” festivals/competitions • Colonization (Pithekoussai, ca. 750)

  14. Late Dark Age Developments, cont. • Fortifications • Higher quality art; human figures, legendary scenes, “orientalizing” period (from ca. 730)

  15. The “Dipylon” Krater (ca. 750)

  16. Detail from previous slide

  17. (l. neck of Eleusinian amphora, ca. 700)(r. neck of Mykonos pithos, ca. 700)

  18. (l. Corinthian oinochoe, ca. 630)(r. Athenian loutrophoros, ca. 690)

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