1 / 42

IS3120 Network Communications Infrastructure Unit 4

IS3120 Network Communications Infrastructure Unit 4 IP Addressing Schema Designs for a Layer 2/Layer 3 IP Network Infrastructure. Learning Objective. Translate IPv4 and IPv6 IP addressing schemas and perform logical IP addressing schema designs. Key Concepts. IPv4 addressing structure

keahi
Download Presentation

IS3120 Network Communications Infrastructure Unit 4

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. IS3120 Network Communications Infrastructure Unit 4 IP Addressing Schema Designs for a Layer 2/Layer 3 IP Network Infrastructure

  2. Learning Objective • Translate IPv4 and IPv6 IP addressing schemas and perform logical IP addressing schema designs.

  3. Key Concepts • IPv4 addressing structure • IPv6 addressing structure • Alignment of subnet mask addressing to appropriate number of IP subnetworks • IP addressing schema design using IPv4 for Layer 2 and Layer 3 networking • IP addressing schema design using IPv6 for Layer 2 and Layer 3 networking

  4. EXPLORE: CONCEPTS

  5. IPv4: Address Structure • 32-bit addresses (4 bytes) • Usually displayed in dot notation • 4 separate 8-bit numbers (octets) • Octets separated by periods • Octet value is between 0 and 255 • Example: 192.168.0.1 • IPv4 networks can be classful or classless

  6. IPv4: Classful Network Architecture • IP addresses originally organized into five classes: A, B, C, D, and E • A, B, and C used for networks • Each class restricted to a particular IP address range • Range based on number of nodes needed • Maximum number of 4,294,967,296 addresses (232)

  7. IPv4: Classful Network Breakdown

  8. IPv4: Networks versus Nodes

  9. IPv4: CIDR • Replacement for classful network architecture (1993) • Temporary solution for IP address shortage • Networks are split into groups of IP addresses called CIDR blocks

  10. IPv4: Dot Notation to Binary

  11. IPv4: Private Addresses • Not routable through public routers • Network Address Translation (NAT) maps internal addresses to public routable addresses

  12. IPv6: Address Structure • 128 bit addresses • First 64 bits identify network • Last 64 bits identify host (based on MAC address) • Maximum number of 2128addresses (> 340 undecillion) 1 undecillion = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

  13. IPv6: Address Notation • 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal numbers

  14. IPv6: Address Compression • Drop leading 0s in each group 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0053:0000:0004 becomes 2001:db8:0:0:0:53:0:4 • Replace the first group of 0s with :: 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0053:0000:0004 becomes 2001:db8::53:0:4 • Only one set of :: can exist in an address

  15. IPv6: Network Prefix • Address block 2001:db8::/32 • Range: 2001:db8:: to 2001:0db8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff • Any IP address sharing the same initial 32 bits is in the same Internet network, leaving 32 bits for further sub-netting.

  16. IPv6: Address Types

  17. IPv6: Unicast Addressing • Single device • Similar to IPv4 CIDR • Global or local (public or private) • Can contain embedded IPv4 addresses • Network prefix set to 0 • ::FFFF:192.168.0.4

  18. IPv6: Global versus Local Unicast • Interfaces in IPv6 have at least two addresses:

  19. IPv6: Unicast Host Identifier • Calculated from interface’s 48-bit MAC address • MAC is assigned by manufacturer: 1c:6f:65:35:85:6d 00011100 01101111 01100101 00110101 10000101 01101101 • EUI-64 inserts ff:fe as the middle 16 bits: 1c:6f:65:ff:fe:35:85:6d 00011100 01101111 01100101 1111111111111110 00110101 10000101 01101101 • If the host address is globally unique the 7th bit is inverted: 1e:6f:65:ff:fe:35:85:6d 00011110 01101111 01100101 11111111 11111110 00110101 10000101 01101101 • Any IP address sharing the same initial 32 bits is in the same Internet network, leaving 32 bits for sub-netting.

  20. IPv6: Multicast Addressing

  21. IPv6: Multicast Assignment • Interfaces in IPv6 have at least two multicast assignments: • Solicited-node • Used to validate host identifier uniqueness • Announces interface to neighbors • All-hosts • Communicate with all nodes within a LAN segment

  22. IPv6: Multicast Addressing Example: • Solicited-node addresses • Translated from a node’s unicast address

  23. IPv6: Reserved Multicast Addresses • ff02::1 is all nodes • ff02::2 is all routers • ff02::101 is all Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers • ff02::fb is all multicast DNS servers

  24. IPv6: Anycast Addressing • New to IPv6, no IPv4 equivalent • Can be translated from unicast address • Change node identifier bits to all 0s or all 1s except the last 7 bits • Associated with a unique identifier • Each LAN segment can have 126 unique anycast IDs

  25. IPv6: Anycast Addressing • Node address of all 0s • Subnet-router communications • Takes the place of a default gateway in IPv4 • Node address of 1s except the last 7 bits • 0x00 (0000000) through 0x7d (0111101) may be designated Anycast identifiers • 0x7e (0111110) and 0x7f (0111111) are reserved

  26. EXPLORE: PROCESSES

  27. Elements of an IPv4 Address Schema • Network ID (aka network address) • First address of the block • Subnet mask • Broadcast address • Last address of the block • If multiple subnets • Each subnet has its own network ID and broadcast address

  28. IPv4Schema: Determine Network • How many hosts (nodes)? • Workstations • Servers • Other • Number of nodes determines network class

  29. IPv4Schema: Subnets • How many subnets are needed? • Security • Services • Organizational structure • How many hosts for eachsubnet? • # of hosts per subnetdetermines subnet mask

  30. IPv4 Example

  31. Elements of an IPv6 Addressing Schema • Internetworking is generally automatic • Assignment of unicast host identifiers • Network and gateway mapping through Neighbor Discovery • Link-local addressing is manual or automatic • Configurable scopes • Admin Level • Site Level (deprecated) • Organization Level

  32. Types of IPv6 Addresses • Enclose IPv6 addresses in brackets [] to specify a particular port • Example:telnet [201:0db8::53:0:4]:23 for port 23

  33. IPv6 Schema: Subnets Support Business Needs • Segmentation across routers to limit network congestion on critical subnets • Regulatory mandates requiring transport isolation of certain data categories • Logical segmentation of neighbor nodes based on disparate facility locations • Isolation for each client or function

  34. IPv6 Schema: Subnetting • Classless • Notation is similar to IPv4 CIDR addressing notation. • Example: 2001:0db8:0:0:0:53:0:4/16 • Defines 2001 (the first 16 bits) as the network address • Subnets of 2112 node addresses each • Further subnetting is possible (hierarchical)

  35. IPv6: Subnet Segmentation • Each Provider assigned a /32 network (65536 /48 Subscriber subnets) • A Subscriber assigned a /48 subnet (65536 /64 LAN segments) • A single /64 LAN segment is 264 nodes • Further segmentation administratively assigned through Admin-, Site-, and Organizational-scope specification

  36. EXPLORE: ROLES

  37. Role of IP Addressing in Network Routing • IP addressing is based on hosts and networks • End hosts are assigned IP addresses • Subnets of IP host addresses are divided and grouped together • IP address are used to route packets and are essential to getting information to the proper destination

  38. EXPLORE: CONTEXTS

  39. IPv4 and IPv6 in Context • Most devices still using IPv4 • Compatibility with IPv6 networking is mainly a software or firmware issue • American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) suggests that all Internet servers be prepared to serve IPv6-only clients by January 2012

  40. EXPLORE: RATIONALE

  41. Rationale • The number of network-enabled devices has grown beyond IPv4’s address capacity. • IPv6 provides a more globally equitable distribution of network addresses than the legacy IPv4 system which provides more addresses to early-adopters (US universities) than to many governments elsewhere in the world.

  42. Summary • In this presentation, the following were covered: • IPv4 addressing • Classful and classless networking (IPv4) • IPv6 addressing • IPv4 address schema design • IPv6 address schema design

More Related