Computer Literacy 2013-2014

1. សាកលវិទ្យាល័យភ្នំពេញអន្តរជាតិសាកលវិទ្យាល័យភ្នំពេញអន្តរជាតិ Phnom Penh International University Computer Literacy 2013-2014 Quality Excellence Innovation

2. Chapter 1 Computer History

3. Objectives • After this chapter, students would be able to: • Computer Definition • Information Processing Cycle • Computer Application in Societies • History of Computer • Computer Generations

4. What Is a Computer? • A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory. Information Processing Cycle

5. Information Processing Cycle

6. Computers are everywhere

7. Computer Interconnection

8. Examples of Computer Usage

9. Examples of Computer Usage cont’…

10. Computer Applications in Society

11. Computer Applications in Society Cont’…

12. Abacus Roman abacus Representation of an Inca quipu Japanese abacus Chinese abacus School abacus Binary abacus Native American abaci Russian abacus

13. History cont’… • 1614 - John Napier develops method for performing calculations using Algorithm

14. Chapter 1 Cont’ … 14 1642- Blaise Pascal built the first mechanical adding machine in based on a design described calculator is still used today in water meters and modern-day odometers.

15. Pascaline Machine 15

16. History cont’… 16 1822 - Charles Babbage originated the modern analytic computer, he invented the principle of the analytical engine, the forerunner of the modern electronic computer. 1828 - Augusta Ada Byron Introduce Programming Language.

17. Different Engine

19. Chapter 1 Cont’ … • 1844 - George Boole As the inventor of Boolean logic, the basis of modern digital computer logic Boole is regarded in hindsight as a founder of the field of computer sciences. • 1860 - Augustus De Morgan defined the term mathematical induction putting a process of gate.

20. George Boole

21. 1st Generation (1941-1956) • The first electronic computers were developed in the mid-20th century(1941-1956). • The Zuse Z3, 1941, considered the world's first working programmable, fully automatic computing machine.

22. Zuse Z3 (1941)

23. 1st Generation cont’… • World War gave rise to numerous developments and started off the computer age Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) .

24. 1946, ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

25. ENIAC Cont’…

26. 1st Generation cont’… • It consisted of 18,000 vacuum tubes and 7000 resistors. It was developed by John Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly and was a general purpose computer.

27. Vacuum Tube

28. 1st Generation cont’… • Von Neumann designed the Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC) in 1945 with a memory to hold both a stored program as well as data.

29. 1945, EDVAC

30. 1st Generation cont’… • 1949 , EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) was one of the first computers to implement the stored program (Von Neumann British) architecture.

31. 1949, EDSAC

32. 1st Generation cont’… • Then in 1951 came the Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC I), designed by Remington rand and collectively owned by US census bureau and General Electric.

33. 1951,UNIVAC I

34. 1952, UNIVAC

35. 2nd Generation (1956-1963) • The invention of Transistors marked the start of the second generation(1956-1963).

36. Transistor

37. 2nd Generation cont’… • Second generation computers also started showing the characteristics of modern day computers with utilities such as printers, disk storage and operating systems.

38. 2nd Generation cont’… • High-level languages such as COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) and FORTRAN (Formula Translator) were used, and they are still used for some applications nowadays.

39. 3rd Generation (1964-1971) • The Integrated Circuit(IC) was invented in 1958 by Jack Kilby.

40. Jack Kilby's original integrated circuit

41. 3rd Generation cont’… 41 It combined electronic components onto a small silicon disc, made from quartz. More advancement made possible the fittings of even more components on a small chip or a semiconductor.

42. Semiconductor IBM System/360 MOSFET Semiconductor

43. 4th Generation (1971-1990) • The Size started to go down with the improvement in the integrated circuits. Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)

44. Very Large Scale Integration

45. 4th Generation cont’… • The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, took the integrated circuit one step further by locating all the components of a computer (central processing unit, memory, and input and output controls) on a minuscule chip.

46. Intel 4004

47. 4th Generation cont’… • First came the minicomputers, which offered users different applications, most famous of these the word processors and spreadsheets, which could be used by non-technical users.

48. 4th Generation cont’… 48 Video game systems like Atari 2600 generated the interest of general populace in the computers.

49. 4th Generation cont’… • In 1981, IBM introduced personal computers for home and office use. "The number of personal computers in use more than doubled from 2 million in 1981 to 5.5 million in 1982.

50. 4th Generation cont’… 50 Ten years later, 65 million PCs were being used. It went down from Desktop to laptops to Palmtops. Macintosh introduced Graphic User Interface in which the users didn‘t have to type instructions but could use Mouse for the purpose.