NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS UNIT 15

1. NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS UNIT 15

2. Voluntary work is done by people who are not paid for it, but who do it because they want to do it. In her spare time she does voluntary work. He'd been working at the local hostel for the handicapped on a voluntary basis. A voluntary worker is someone who does work without being paid for it, because they want to do it.

3. If you acknowledge a fact or a situation, you accept or admit that it is true or that it exists. (FORMAL) Naylor acknowledged, in a letter to the judge, that he was a drug addict. Belatedly, the government has acknowledged the problem. There is an acknowledged risk of lung cancer from radon.

4. If someone's achievements, status, or qualities are acknowledged, they are known about and recognized by a lot of people, or by a particular group of people. He is also acknowledged as an excellent goal-keeper. Some of the clergy refused to acknowledge the new king's legitimacy.

5. If you acknowledge a message or letter, you write to the person who sent it in order to say that you have received it. The army sent me a postcard acknowledging my request. If you acknowledge someone's applause, compliments, or kindness you make a gesture in order to thank them or show your appreciation. She never even acknowledged the man who opened the door for her. He acknowledged the applause with a small bow.

7. A scheme is a plan or arrangement involving many people which is made by a government or other organization. (mainly BRIT; in AM use program) There are schemes to help fight unemployment. The company was pouring around $30 million into the scheme.

9. A scheme is someone's plan for achieving something. ...a quick money-making scheme to get us through the summer... They would first have to work out some scheme for getting the treasure out. Tourists can be vulnerable to scams and con schemes of all kinds.

10. In some societies, an elder is one of the respected older people who have influence and authority. ...a meeting of political figures and tribal elders.

11. If you are breathless, you have difficulty in breathing properly, for example because you have been running or because you are afraid or excited. I was a little breathless and my heartbeat was bumpy and fast. We were breathless when we got to the top of the mountain. [相关用法] out of breath, catch one’s breath hold one’s breath under one’s breath

12. If you feel dizzy, you feel that you are losing your balance and are about to fall.

13. Your eyesight is your ability to see. He suffered from poor eyesight and could no longer read properly.

14. daily, weekly, monthly, yearly， annual(ly) Something that is beneficial helps people or improves their lives. Using computers has a beneficial effect on children's learning. If you benefit from something or if it benefits you, it helps you or improves your life. Both sides have benefited from the talks. be of benefit to sb.

15. Enthusiasm is great eagerness to be involved in a particular activity which you like and enjoy or which you think is important. Tom and I both to thank you for the many kindness you showed Jim when he visited your campus last week .He has returned full of enthusiasm for Hill College .

16. If you do something straight away, you do it immediately and without delay. I should go and see a doctor straight away. I wrote him a letter and posted it straightaway. communist, communism, socialist, socialism Bolshevik, collectivist, Marxism, Leninism, Maozedong Thought,

17. She looked at her work with a smile of satisfaction.

18. [词汇辨析] satisfactory, satisfaction, satisfied, satisfying The working conditions here are farfrom __________. The __________customer left the store with a smile. He is living in a ________ way. If you do something to someone's_____________, they are happy with the way that you have done it. satisfactory satisfied satisfying satisfaction

19. If you are eager to do or have something, you want to do or have it very much. If you are anxious to do something or anxious that something should happen, you very much want to do it or very much want it to happen. If you are anxious, you are nervous or worried about something.

20. worth、worthy、worthwhile的用法区别 这三个词都是形容词，都有“值得的”的意思，但用法或搭配关系不同。 1. worth是一个只能作表语的形容词，意思为“值……的”、“相当于……的价值的”、“有……价值的”、“值得……的”。由于它类似介词，须在后面接名词、或主动形式的动名词作宾语。

21. 例如： This second-hand car is worth $2000 at the most. The exhibition is worth a visit/visiting. It’s not worth getting angry with him. I went and bought about six dollars' worth of potato chips. You've got three years' worth of research money to do what you want with. I am spending a lot of money and time on this boat, but it is worth it.

22. 2. worthy可作表语，也可作定语。作定语时意思为“有价值的”、“值得尊敬的”、“应受到赏识的”；用作表语时意思为“值得……的”、“应得到……的”，其后接of sth.，也可以后接to do sth.，例如： Guangzhou is worthy of a visit/ to be visited/being visited. He said he was not worthy(配得上） to accept such an honor. The school has educated many worthy young people.

23. 3. worthwhile与worthy一样，既可作表语，又可作定语。表示某事因重要、有趣或受益大而值得花时间、金钱或努力去做，一般做“值得的”、“值得做的”、“有意义的”解。用作表语时，可接动名词或动词不定式。例如： It is worthwhile going / to go to the Summer Palace. Helping old people is a worthwhile activity. Thank you for your worthwhile suggestion.

24. 试比较： 这个问题值得讨论： 1、The problem is worth discussing. 2、The problem is worthy of being discussed. 3、The problem is worthyto be discussed. 4、The problem is worthy of discussion. 5、It is worthwhile to discuss/discussing the problem. 6、To discuss /Discussing the problem is worthwhile.

25. 1．It’s not _________ my time. 2．Wherever is _________ doing at all is __________ doing well. 3．This book is ________to be read. 4．This good film is _________ seeing twice. 5．I will do some __________reading during the summer vacation. worth worth worth worthy worth worthwhile

26. worthy 6．She is not __________ to talk to a man like you (不配）. 7．It is __________ to improve/improving the rate of production. 8．Their achievements are __________ of the highest praise. 9．He is __________ to have a place in the team. 10. We had a long wait, but it was ___________because we got the tickets. worthwhile worthy worthy worthwhile

27. You refer to people who are in control of a group or organization as the leadership. He is expected to hold talks with both the Croatian and Slovenian leaderships. Leadership refers to the qualities that make someone a good leader, or the methods a leader uses to do his or her job. What most people want to see is determined, decisive action and firm leadership.

28. A timetable is a plan of the times when particular events are to take place.

29. If people starve, they suffer greatly from lack of food which sometimes leads to their death. suffer from starvation A child is starving to death in the Sudan, one of thousands in this country alone.

30. A donation is something which someone gives to a charity or other organization. Employees make regular donations to charity. Charities appealed for donations of food and clothing for victims of the hurricane.

32. An adjustment is a small change that is made to something such as a machine or a way of doing something. In the new round of economically structural adjustment, it has prioritized(优先发展） the development of the following seven industries, namely, energy industry extending and exploitation based on coal…

33. fit in with 1．accord；harmonize；coincide符合；一致；协调；适应 This information does not fitinwith what I was told yesterday．这消息和我昨天听到的不一致。 The expectations may not fitinwith the results．估计与结果可能不相符。 Our literature and art must fitinwith our socialist economic base．我们的文学艺术必须和我国的社会主义经济基础相适应。

34. 2．cooperate；get on with合作；和…相处得好 She tried to fitinwith the others，but it was difficult．她力求与别人配合，但很难。 For years，he has fitted in well with his neighbours．多年来，他一直和邻居相处得很好。 How are you fitting inwith your new colleagues in your new job？你在新的工作岗位上与新的同事合得来吗？

35. To enrich something means to improve its quality, usually by adding something to it. An extended family enriches life in many ways. It is important to enrich the soil prior to planting. To enrich someone means to increase the amount of money that they have. Those who know how to use the system can enrich themselves at the expense of the very people who work for those companies.

36. When a child or young animal matures, it becomes an adult. You will learn what to expect as your child matures physically. The eggs hatched and the chicks matured. You are a mature man now; you are no longer a boy. 你现在是成人了，不再是孩子了。

37. A payment is an amount of money that is paid to someone, or the act of paying this money. Thousands of its customers are in arrears with loans and mortgage payments. The fund will make payments of just over s1 billion next year.

38. [同义词辨析] thanks to, because of, dueto和owing to 这四个短语都有“由于”、“因为”的意思，都是介词短语， 因此后面不可接从句。 because of只能用作状语。 e.g. We must not get discouraged because of such a minor setback. 我们决不可因为这样一个小小的挫折就灰心丧气。

39. dueto一般只用作标语。e.g. This accident was dueto his carelessness. 这场事故是由于他的粗心引起的。 Her illness was due to bad food. 她的病是坏了的食物造成的。 owing to既可以用作状语，也可以用作表语，平常多用于前一种情况，它多引导的状语必须是修饰全句的，因此严格讲来应用逗号 和主句分开。 e.g. They decided to postpone the trip, owing to the change of the weather. 由于天气变化，他们决定延期起程。

40. thanks to只能用作状语，可以表达正面意思，“幸亏”，也可用于讽刺口吻中（近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”）。 e.g. Thanks to your advice, much trouble was saved. 幸亏有你的主意，省了许多麻烦。 China's national economy was on the brink of total collapse, thanks to the "revolutionary measures" of the Gang of Four. 由于四人帮的“革命措施”，中国的国民经济曾处于全面崩溃的边缘。

41. When a solid substance melts or when you melt it, it changes to a liquid, usually because it has been heated. The snow had melted, but the lake was still frozen solid. Meanwhile, melt the white chocolate in a bowl suspended over simmering water. Add the melted butter, molasses, salt, and flour.

42. uniform jeans casual

44. You use whereas to introduce a comment which contrasts with what is said in the main clause. These fixed-price menus for two or three courses can cost as little as 50f, whereas the a la carte （照菜单点）is always more expensive. Whereas the population of working age increased by 1 million between 1981 and 1986, today it is barely growing.