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Norbert Ott 1 , Hans Werner Schenke 1 and the SCAR Expert Group on IBCSO

Polar Ocean Mapping: Significance of Digital Bathymetry in Observing Systems … or what makes the System a System?. Norbert Ott 1 , Hans Werner Schenke 1 and the SCAR Expert Group on IBCSO 1 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research SCAR/IASC IPY Open Science Conference

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Norbert Ott 1 , Hans Werner Schenke 1 and the SCAR Expert Group on IBCSO

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  1. Polar Ocean Mapping: Significance of Digital Bathymetry in Observing Systems… or what makes the System a System? Norbert Ott1, Hans Werner Schenke1 and the SCAR Expert Group on IBCSO 1Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research SCAR/IASC IPY Open Science Conference St. Petersburg, Russia, 8 – 11 July 2008

  2. Significance of Bathymetric Data • Echo soundings – more than ‘pings’ • provide DEM derivatives for modeling • additional system input parameters • Digital data processing • GIS modeling, analysis, visualization • enables supervised classification • Full spectrum of applications • crustal dynamics, tectonic pattern • ocean circulation, ocean mixing models • description and conservation of biodiversity OSC St. Petersburg 2008

  3. IBC of the Southern Ocean • No bathymetric chart available • Data resides in many archives • No coordinated effort until 2006 • Ocean mapping program IBCSO • Regional IBC of the IOC • HCA of the IHO • SCAR SSG-GS Expert Group • Contributor to GEBCO • Group infrastructure • Editorial Board (management) • Advisory Board (stakeholder) • IBCSO Board (communication) OSC St. Petersburg 2008

  4. Echo Sounding Patchwork OSC St. Petersburg 2008

  5. Z Y X • Ellipsoid: • WGS84 • national System ArcScene 3D-Visualisation Horizontal Reference IBCSO Trans-form-ation merging of the data TIN Grid Creation GRID or • Heights: • ellipsoidal heights • local datum (mean sea level) Vertical Reference Data Merge Work Flow Source Data Con-version Veri- fication of con-sistency OSC St. Petersburg 2008

  6. The IBCSO Database • Bathymetric data of the SO • raw data, grids, contours, charts, etc. • Topographic data of Antarctica • DEM, bedrock topography • coastline, grounding line, ice front • Additional data • satellite imagery • limits of the sea • nomenclature • metadata OSC St. Petersburg 2008

  7. Brown et al., 2006 Schmitz, 1996 Why Polar Bathymetry • Defines gateways and barriers • e.g. Drake Passage, Tasman Gateway • Drives currents and gravity waves • e.g. Antarctic Circumpolar Current • Controls thermohaline circulation • e.g. Antarctic bottom water formation • Influences global climate • e.g. Antarctica’s glaciation OSC St. Petersburg 2008

  8. Purucker et al., 2007 Carbotte et al., 2000 Sea Floor in Geosciences • Ocean-continent boundary • tectonic and igneous activities • sedimentation processes • Crustal heterogeneity • variations in geophysical anomalies • Crustal behavior - seismicity • faults, earthquakes and landslides • Tsunami warning systems • water depth and wave scattering • crucial input parameters OSC St. Petersburg 2008

  9. Holland, 2001 Marinov et al., 2006 Sea Floor in Physical Sciences • Topographic steering of ocean flows • major currents respond to bathymetry • Sea floor barriers and gaps • influence mixing and transport of waters e.g. Weddell Gyre • Models are sensitive to bathymetry • specifications for accuracy and resolution (propagation speed related to √depth) • Limiting factor for new progress • improvements by accurate bathymetry OSC St. Petersburg 2008

  10. Wilson et al., 2007 Sea Floor in Life Sciences • Multi-scale terrain analysis • Slope, aspect, curvature, variability • Bathymetric Position Index (BPI) • Predictive habitat modeling • Terrain Ruggedness Index (TRI) • Characterization of habitats • Description of marine ecosystems • Habitat suitability (BTM Tool) OSC St. Petersburg 2008

  11. IOOS, 2006 Sea Floor in Observing Systems SOOS PAntOS GOOS • Special features of the SO • severe climate conditions, limited access • unique ecosystems and biodiversity • ‘canary’ for global climate change • Realistic portrayal of the seafloor • ocean model input parameters • limitations in accuracy and resolution • Interaction of system domains • sea floor as boundary layer • essential system variables OSC St. Petersburg 2008

  12. Conclusions and Outlook A continuous data transfer to the IBCSO database is crucial for the production of the bathymetric chart. Expansion of collaboration with other SO efforts enables the integration of sensitive indicators for climate change and ocean ecology. Provision of consistent value addedproducts to the scientific communityis of great importance for improved ocean modeling. By providing new system domains and variables, the IBCSO expert group may give impetus to planned observing systems like the SOOS. OSC St. Petersburg 2008

  13. “Only by integrating all geosciences we can hope to discover the truth, i.e. to find the picture which represents the total of known facts in the greatest order and hence deserves the claim for highest likelihood, …“ Alfred Wegener Preface to the 4th edition of his ‘Origin of continents and oceans’, 1929 OSC St. Petersburg 2008

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