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Exploring Oklahoma

Exploring Oklahoma. European and American Explorers Chapters 5&6. Spain. Motives: God, Gold and Glory!, Seven Cities of Cibola

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Exploring Oklahoma

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  1. Exploring Oklahoma European and American Explorers Chapters 5&6

  2. Spain Motives: God, Gold and Glory!, Seven Cities of Cibola Coronado: searching for Cibola but found pueblos, treated natives badly, followed a Pawnee to Quivira (Wichita village), Pawnee choked to death, chiefs swore oath to Spain

  3. Do Campo: with Friar Juan de Padilla tried to set up a Catholic mission, attacked by Kaw tribe and held captive a year, took five years to get back due to carrying wooden cross, “Trail of the Cross” is better route than Coronado’s Onate: governor of Spanish colony on Rio Grande near present-day Santa Fe, searched for Quivira but found villages

  4. The Spanish-Oklahoma Connection Spanish saw expeditions as failures---No gold, land useless Information about OK was gained from the reports. Spain claimed all the land on western side of Mississippi River

  5. France Louisiana: 1682, La Salle claimed Mississippi River Valley for France, trade with natives and Spanish in Santa Fe Du Tisne: negotiated with Osage and Wichita tribes La Harpe: set up post on Red, negotiated with the Wichitas

  6. French-Wichita Commerce Wichitas and Osages became dependent on trade goods from the French, became commerical hunters and warriors Coureurs de bois: runners of the woods, French traders Deer Creek Village: Wichitas were laborers at a stockyard and meat-processing plant

  7. Wichita-Osage Conflict: the Wichita were attacked by the Osage and moved to the Red Twin Villages: one on either side of Red, Wichitas were brokers between Southern plains tribes and French, fortified, Spanish unsuccessfully attacked

  8. France Loses Oklahoma France lost to England in French and Indian War In Treaty of Paris in 1763, France gave up claim to land west of Mississippi to Spain

  9. The French-Oklahoma Connection There for 150 years Thought it was useful land Treated natives as equals Place-names and surnames Natives lost traditions and skills, hunted for trade, fought each other

  10. France Regains Oklahoma When Napoleon Bonaparte was Emperor of France, he invaded Spain In Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1800, France regained lands west of Mississippi in North America from Spain

  11. Territorial Government Napoleon needed money for his wars and sold Louisiana to the United States for $15 million in 1803. President Jefferson saw the new territory as the foundation of a great American empire. He knew the U.S. needed more knowledge of the land and sent out expeditions.

  12. Scientific Explorers Sparks Expedition: 1806, Red River to Twin Villages, but was turned back by Spanish, boundaries not known Pike-Wilkinson Expedition: 1806,Pike went to Rocky Mtns.; Wilkinson traveled the Arkansas in canoes, brutal winter, reported warfare, salt prairie, trappers Sibley Expedition: 1811, searched for salt, found Great Salt Plains

  13. Long-Bell Expedition: 1820, Bell went down Arkansas River, very rough, had Say (zoologist) with him to keep records; Long thought he was on the Red but was actually on the Canadian, James (botanist) with him, “Great American Desert” Nuttall Expedition: 1819, English botanist, gathered most information on Oklahoma

  14. Commercial Explorers These explorers were there for the money not knowledge. Red River Traders: Anthony Glass traded with the Wichita at Twin Villages Three Forks Traders: Where Arkansas, Verdigris, and Grand Rivers connect; Chouteau Brothers, Joseph Bogy, Nathaniel Pryor, A.P. Chouteau

  15. Santa Fe Traders: 1819 Adams-Onis Treaty defined southern boundary of Louisiana Purchase, 1821 Mexico declares independence from Spain, maybe now U.S. traders could trade in Santa Fe; Thomas James, Hugh Glen, Jacob Fowler, William Bucknell got to Santa Fe first “Father of Santa Fe Trade”

  16. Why is this important? Knowledge gained by explorers. Not an ideal place for farmers. Considered a place for resettling the Native Americans.

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