Physical Science Vocabulary

1. Physical Science Vocabulary Week 10

2. 1) Hydrogen • Symbol – H • Atomic Number – 1 • Combines with oxygen to form water

3. 2) helium • Symbol – He • Atomic number – 2 • Was used to make the first gas lasers

4. 3) lithium • Symbol – Li • Atomic number – 3 • Used to make small batteries for cameras, calculators and pacemakers

5. 4) beryllium • Symbol – Be • Atomic number – 4 • Found naturally in gems; gives emeralds their color

6. 5) boron • Symbol – B • Atomic number – 5 • Used to make heat resistant glass like Pyrex.

7. 6) carbon • Symbol – C • Atomic number – 6 • Makes diamonds

8. 7) Nitrogen • Symbol – N • Atomic number – 7 • Makes up 78% of air.

9. 8) oxygen • Symbol – O • Atomic number – 8 • Used as liquid rocket fuel.

10. 9) fluorine • Symbol – F • Atomic number – 9 • Used in spray cans.

11. 10) neon • Symbol – Ne • Atomic number – 10 • Used in lights because it glows orange or red

12. 1) sodium • Symbol – Na • Atomic Number – 11 • Sodium is used to transfer heat out of nuclear reactors.

13. 2) Magnesium • Symbol – Mg • Atomic Number – 12 • Magnesium is used in fireworks and flares because it gives off a bright white light when it burns.

14. 3) aluminum • Symbol – Al • Atomic Number – 13 • Aluminum is used in airplane wings.

15. 4) Silicon • Symbol – Si • Atomic Number – 14 • Silicon makes up flint, which Native Americans used for tools and weapons.

16. 5) Phosphorus • Symbol – P • Atomic number - 15 • Phosphorus is used to make things glow.

17. 6) Sulfur • Symbol – S • Atomic Number – 16 • Sulfur is used in gunpowder.

18. 7) Chlorine • Symbol – Cl • Atomic Number – 17 • Chlorine was used in World War I as a poison gas.

19. 8) Argon • Symbol – Ar • Atomic Number – 18 • Argon is the gas used to fill light bulbs and fluorescent bulbs.

20. 9) Potassium • Symbol – K • Atomic Number – 19 • Potassium is used to make explosives.

21. 10) Calcium • Symbol – Ca • Atomic Number – 20 • Calcium is a major component in marble.

22. Vocabulary Week 12

23. 1) Pure substance • Made from one type of atom or one type of molecule only

24. 2) compound • Made of more than one type of atom bonded together; pure

25. 3) mixture • Two or more elements or compounds combined physically; not pure

26. 4) Iron • Atomic Number – 26 • Symbol – Fe • Iron is used to make magnets.

27. 5) Nickel • Atomic Number – 28 • Symbol – Ni • Nickel only makes up 25% of a nickel.

28. 6) Copper • Atomic Number – 29 • Symbol – Cu • Pennies are only coated in copper.

29. 7) Silver • Atomic number – 47 • Symbol – Ag • Silver compounds are used to ‘seed’ clouds and make rain.

30. 8) Gold • Atomic number – 79 • Symbol – Au • Gold, silver and copper are all in the same group, 11.

31. Vocabulary Week 11

32. 9) Mercury • Atomic number – 80 • Symbol – Hg • Mercury is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature.

33. 10) Lead • Atomic number – 82 • Symbol – Pb • Oxides of lead are used to make crystal.

34. Vocabulary Week 13

35. 1) Covalent Bond • A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electrons, especially pairs of electrons, between atoms.

36. 2) Ionic bond • A chemical bond between two ions with opposite charges, characteristic of salts. Also called electrovalent bond.

37. 3) valence electron • An electron in an outer shell of an atom that can participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms.

38. 4) chemical bond • Any of several forces, especially the ionic bond, covalent bond, and metallic bond, by which atoms or ions are bound in a molecule or crystal.

39. 5) chemical reaction • a process that involves changes in the structure and energy content of atoms, molecules, or ions

40. 6) chemical formula • a representation of a substance using symbols for its elements parts

41. 7) chemical equation • a representation of a chemical reaction using symbols of the elements to indicate the amount of substance of each reactant and product

42. 8) reactant • A substance participating in a chemical reaction, especially a directly reacting substance present at the initiation of the reaction.

43. 9) product • A substance resulting from a chemical reaction.

44. 10) law of conservation of mass • a fundamental principle of physics that matter cannot be created or destroyed

45. Vocabulary Week 14

46. 1) element • Pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by any ordinary chemical means

47. 2) compound • A pure substance that forms when two or more elements join chemically

48. 3) mixture • A type of matter that forms when two or more substance combine without joining together chemically

49. 4) Heterogeneous mixture • A combination of substances in which different components are easily observed

50. 5) Homogeneous mixture • A combination of substances in which the appearance and properties are the same throughout