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Urbanization in the Late 19th to Early 20th Century: Architectural Evolution in Chicago and New York City

Explore the urbanization dynamics of the late 19th to early 20th century through the architecture of Chicago and New York City. Witness the rise of megalopolis, class distinctions, and opportunities for women, amid squalid living conditions and political machines. The architectural styles of William Le Baron Jenney, Louis Sullivan, D.H. Burnham, and Frank Lloyd Wright reflect the new energy and diversity of the cities, shaping a new frontier of opportunity and cultural melting pot. Discover the unique urban landscape characterized by crime, violence, and corruption alongside remarkable architectural landmarks.

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Urbanization in the Late 19th to Early 20th Century: Architectural Evolution in Chicago and New York City

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  1. Urbanization As Seen Through Late 19c - Early 20c Architecture

  2. Megalopolis. Mass Transit. Magnet for economic and social opportunities. Pronounced class distinctions. - Inner & outer core New frontier of opportunity for women. Squalid living conditions for many. Political machines. Ethnic neighborhoods. Characteristics of UrbanizationDuring the Gilded Age

  3. NewUse ofSpace NewClassDiversity NewArchitectural Style New Energy NewSymbols ofChange &Progress The City as aNew “Frontier?” New Culture(“Melting Pot”) Make a NewStart New Form ofClassic “RuggedIndividualism” New Levels of Crime, Violence, & Corruption

  4. CHICAGO: "The Windy City"

  5. William Le Baron Jenney • 1832 – 1907 • “Father of the ModernSkyscraper”

  6. W. Le Baron Jenney: CentralY.M.C.A., Chicago, 1891

  7. Louis Sullivan • 1856 – 1924 • The ChicagoSchool ofArchitecture • Form followsfunction!

  8. Louis Sullivan: Bayard Bldg., NYC, 1897

  9. Louis Sullivan: Carson, Pirie, Scott Dept. Store, Chicago, 1899

  10. D. H. Burnham • 1846 – 1912 • Use of steelas a superstructure.

  11. DH Burnham: Fisher [Apt.] Bldg, Chicago, 1896

  12. D. H. Burnham: Marshall Fields Dept. Store, 1902

  13. DH Burnham: Railway Exchange, Chicago, 1904

  14. Frank Lloyd Wright • 1869 – 1959 • “Prairie House”School of Architecture • “OrganicArchitecture” • Function follows form!

  15. Frank Lloyd Wright:Allen-Lamb House, 1915

  16. Frank Lloyd Wright:Hollyhock House [Los Angeles], 1917

  17. Frank Lloyd Wright:“Falling Waters”, 1936

  18. Interior of “Falling Waters”

  19. F. L. Wright Furniture

  20. F. L. Wright Glass Screens Prairie wheat patterns.

  21. Frank Lloyd Wright:Susan Lawrence Dana House, Springfield, IL - 1902

  22. Frank Lloyd Wright:Johnson Wax Bldg. – Racine, WI, 1936

  23. Frank Lloyd Wright:Guggenheim Museum, NYC - 1959

  24. NEW YORK CITY: "Gotham"

  25. The style was less innovative thanin Chicago. NYC was the source of the capital for Chicago. Most major business firms had their headquarters in NYC  their bldgs. became “logos” for their companies. NYC buildings and skyscrapers were taller than in Chicago. New York City Architectural Style:1870s-1910s

  26. Western Union Bldg,. NYC - 1875

  27. ManhattanLifeInsurance Bldg.NYC - 1893

  28. SingerBuilding NYC - 1902

  29. Woolworth Bldg.NYC - 1911

  30. FlatironBuilding NYC – 1902 D. H. Burnham

  31. Grand Central Station, 1913

  32. John A. Roebling:The Brooklyn Bridge, 1883

  33. John A. Roebling:The Brooklyn Bridge, 1913

  34. Statue of Liberty, 1876(Frederic Auguste Bartholdi)

  35. “Dumbbell” Tenement

  36. “Dumbbell” Tenement, NYC

  37. Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lived(1890)

  38. Tenement Slum Living

  39. Lodgers Huddled Together

  40. Tenement Slum Living

  41. Struggling Immigrant Families

  42. Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”

  43. St. Patrick’s Cathedral

  44. Hester Street – Jewish Section

  45. Pell St. - Chinatown, NYC

  46. Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900

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