
GHG BACT Examples. Next several sections walk through BACT reviews for GHGs for a number of source categories. They are designed to demonstrate the kinds of technical and policy issues that can arise and how they can be addressed.
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Project: New, large municipal solid waste landfill.
Step 1: Identifying all available controls
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Step 1 (cont’d)
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Step 1 (cont’d)
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Step 2: Elimination of technically infeasible options
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Step 3: Evaluation and ranking of controls by their effectiveness
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Step 4: Evaluating the most effective controls
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Step 4 (cont’d)
Any significant energy and environmental impacts to be considered:
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Step 5: Selecting BACT
Permitting authority determined BACT to be:
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Step 5 (cont’d)
Permit conditions are:
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Project Scope:
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Step 1: Identifying all available controls
Permit application lists the following four controls:
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Step 1 (cont’d)
Permitting Authority asks for inclusion of air preheater
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Step 1 (cont’d)
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Step 2: Eliminating technically infeasible options
Step 3: Evaluation and ranking of controls by their effectiveness
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Step 3 (cont’d)
The permit applicant completed the control effectiveness analysis and found:
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Step 4: Evaluating the most effective controls
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Step 4: (cont’d)
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Step 5: Selecting BACT
Permitting authority determined, and the record showed, that BACT was the combination of:
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Step 5: (cont’d)
Permit conditions included:
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Project Scope:
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Project Scope (cont’d):
CH4 + H2O = CO + 3H2
CO + H2O = CO2 + H2
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Step 1: Identifying all available controls
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Step 2: Eliminating the technically infeasible options
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Step 3: Evaluation and ranking of controls by their effectiveness
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Step 4: Evaluating the most effective controls
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Step 4 (cont’d)
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Step 5: Selecting BACT
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Step 5 (cont’d)
BACT Permit Limits:
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Project: New greenfield sub-bituminous pulverized coal-fired boiler and steam turbine electricity generating facility.
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Step 1: Identifying all available controls
Applicant’s BACT analysis had two elements:
State requests that the BACT analysis also include:
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Step 1 (cont’d)
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Step 1 (cont’d)
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Step 2: Elimination of technically infeasible options
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Step 3: Evaluation and ranking of controls by their effectiveness
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Step 4: Evaluating the most effective controls
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Step 5: Selecting BACT
BACT is determined to be:
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Step 5 (cont’d)
Enforceable permit conditions are:
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Project Scope:
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Step 1: Identify all available controls
Process Technology/Energy Efficiency
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Process Technology/Energy Efficiency (Cont’d)
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Process Technology/Energy Efficiency (Cont’d)
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Step 1 (cont’d)
Fuel Choice
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Step 1 (cont’d)
Product Composition
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Step 1 (cont’d)
Product Composition
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Step 1 (cont’d)
CO2 Capture/Removal and Storage
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Step 2: Eliminating technically infeasible options
Fuel Choice
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Step 2 (cont’d)
Product Composition
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Step 2 (cont’d)
CCS
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Step 3: Evaluating and ranking controls for their effectiveness
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Step 4: Evaluating the most effective controls
The use of the high efficiency kiln design and the use of fly ash in the product were both found to be cost effective on the basis of dollars per ton of CO2 eliminated.
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Step 5: Selecting BACT
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Step 5 (continued)
Enforceable Permit Conditions
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Project : Applicant is proposing to install two reciprocating compressors with reciprocating gas-fired engine drivers at an existing natural gas pipeline compressor station.
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Step 1: Identifying all available controls
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Step 1 (cont’d)
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Step 1 (cont’d)
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Step 1 (cont’d)
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Step 2: Eliminating technically infeasible options
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Step 3: Evaluation and ranking of controls by their effectiveness
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Step 4: Evaluating the most effective controls
Applicant agrees to the most effective combination. No significant energy, economical or environmental impacts were identified by the applicant, the agency or the public.
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Step 5: Selecting BACT
BACT is determined to be:
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Step 5 (cont’d)
Permit conditions include:
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Project: Construction of a new 500 MW natural gas-fired combined cycle power plant with two combustion turbines, heat recovery steam generators with supplemental firing and steam turbines.
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Step 1: Identifying all available controls
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Step 2: Eliminating technically infeasible options
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Step 3: Evaluation and ranking of controls by their effectiveness
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Step 4: Evaluating the most effective controls
Step 5: Selecting BACT
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Step 5: (cont’d)
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