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Air quality and human health interactions

Air quality and human health interactions. New Cdn 10-City Time Series Study. NO 2 effect found to be most robust. O 3 association is sensitive to PM. This analysis was necessary to update past work impacted by "GAM issue" and for development of new AQI. Uncertainties in Time Series Studies.

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Air quality and human health interactions

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  1. Air quality and human health interactions

  2. New Cdn 10-City Time Series Study NO2 effect found to be most robust. O3 association is sensitive to PM. This analysis was necessary to update past work impacted by "GAM issue" and for development of new AQI.

  3. Uncertainties in Time Series Studies • The NO2 association with mortality was sensitive to the amount of data examined. • TEOM PM2.5 obtained for 11 cities for Jan. 98 to Dec. 2000. • A 10 ppb change in NO2 was associated with a 0.85% increase in mortality and a 10 g/m3 change in PM2.5 with a 1.13% increase in mortality. • The NO2 association reduced to 0.32% (se=0.488%) after adjustment for PM2.5 while the PM2.5 effect only reduced to 0.98% (se=0.581%). • More consistent with other literature.

  4. Controlled Human Exposure Chamber Experiments at the University of Toronto Can study pollutants separately. Can look more closely at biological mechanisms.

  5. New Results to Report on the Effect on Blood Pressure Subject is stationary for 2 hr exposure. An automated BP monitor (Oscar-1, SunTech Medical Instruments, Inc., Raleigh, NC), is secured on their left upper arm and readings are taken every 30 minutes.

  6. Blood Pressure Increases Throughout Exposure Median Diastolic Blood Pressure(N=23, Binomial 95% confidence intervals) Wilcoxon Signed Rank test *P=0.013 for CAP+O3 2 hr  †P=0.019 for CAP+O3 2 hr  versus particle-free air 2 hr 

  7. Size of acute responses is most-related to organic carbon Brachial Artery Diameter Diastolic Blood Pressure Is it plausible for such rapid responses? What is the clinical significance of these small changes?

  8. "Exposure to traffic" associated with a factor of 2.92 increase in the risk of the onset of a heartattack within one hour

  9. Current& Future Research • Continued analysis of data: Blood pressure results submitted. • U. of Michigan & Toronto CLEANAIR Study into year 2 • Mechanisms • Causative agents • PM2.5 vs. O3(vs. combination !!!!!!) • SO4, NO3, NH4, OC, EC, mass, metals (ICPMS) • TSRI-SHEMP 3-year time series • daily PM2.5, PMcoarse, PM constituents, gases, receptor model sources • BAQS and CIHR with McMaster and McGill • HSPH PM Center • SOCAAR

  10. Linking PM2.5 and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease • Although comparisons of ETS and ambient pollution studies are imprecise, they suggest that similar elevations in PM2.5 from both sources are associated with nearly equivalent changes in risk of cardiovascular disease. • Active and passive smoking are associated with increased carotid wall thickness: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (Howard et al., 1994). • Chronic urban PM2.5 exposure will also increase carotid wall thickness. • A prospective cross-sectional study of 3000-18000 subjects would be enough to test this hypothesis given the geographic variability in PM2.5 in the U.S. and Canada. • Depends upon how ARIC ETS exposure gradient (0 vs. 14 hrs/week) relates to PM2.5.

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