Quick Write (In Composition Journal):

Quick Write (In Composition Journal): • What was your favorite part of the activity that you performed to contribute to the common good?

Bell ringer: • Study/Prepare for Chapter 3 Test

After Test: • Place Test in the top basket. • Grab table of contents from the front table. • Put your notebook together.

Section 4: • The Constitution is lasting and adaptable. (200 years) • It gives our elected representatives enough power to defend our country’s freedom and to keep order. • It sets limits to protect Americans from unlimited or unjust power. • It stands as a powerful symbol of American values and is a source of pride and unity to the nation’s citizens.

Study Guide Review • A detailed, written plan for government. • Each had a legislature and most of these legislatures were bicameral. Each had a governor that was elected by the legislature or by the citizens. Each had courts. • Bill of rights • They realized that 13 small, separate forces could not fight the mighty British army. • Articles of Confederation • One house legislature where each state got one vote. The legislature controlled the army and had the power to deal with foreign countries on behalf of the state (league of friendship between otherwise independent states). • Ordinance of 1785

Study Guide Review 8. It set up a government for the Northwest Territory. Officials later used this model to organize governments for other new territories. It also provided a plan for admitting new states to the union. 9. Congress had no power to collect taxes, regulate trade, enforce laws, pass laws without the approval of 9 states, or change the Articles without 13 out of 13 states approving. Didn’t have a court system or leader to direct government policy. 10. State and national government was in debt from the war. Trade was down and the economy suffered. States taxed citizens who would lose their land or be jailed for their debts. 11. Shay’s rebellion was when Daniel Shays’s organized a group of economically frustrated farmers and others to close down courts and later try to capture a federal arsenal in Springfield Massachussetts. It is important because it convinced Americans that they needed a stronger government

Study Guide Review 12. Constitutional Convention 13. 55 14. Rhode Island. Their leaders did not want a stronger national government and were satisfied with the Articles of Confederation. 15. Philadelphia. Independence Hall. 16. Lawyers, merchants, college presidents, physicians, generals, governors, and planters. 17. African-Americans, Native-Americans, Women 18. George Washington 19. John Adams – Representing U.S. govt. in Britain Thomas Jefferson – Representing U.S. govt. in France Patrick Henry – Did not show up because he didn’t agree with a stronger national government.

Study Guide Review 20. Delegates wanted to be able to speak freely in meetings so delegates agreed that the general public would not be allowed in meetings and that they would not talk about what went on in the Constitutional Convention outside of Independence Hall. 21. rule. 7. 22. 1 23. Proposed by James Madison. Larger states like Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, New York, and Virginia liked it. There would be an executive, legislative, and judicial branch of government. The legislature would be bicameral (2 houses) and representation in both houses would be based on population.

Study Guide Review 24. William Paterson proposed it. It was close to the Articles of Confederation, but with a couple of changes. It had a one house legislature with one vote per state. However, Congress could set taxes, regulate trade, and elect a committee to enforce laws. 25. Roger Sherman, 2, Senate, House of Representatives 26. 5, 3 27. Electoral college 28. They believed in a system of federalism with power divided between the federal government and the states. They believed that a strong national government was needed to protect property rights, solve the country’s problems at home, and defend its interests abroad. They supported the Constitution.

Study Guide Review 29. The anti-federalists believed the new Constitution would create a government so powerful that it would ignore the rights of the states and would favor the wealthy few over the common people. They did not support the Constitution. 30. Bill of rights 31. preamble, articles, amendments 32. Preamble 33. Articles 34. 27 35. Know the preamble and what every line means.

Study Guide Review 36. 1 37. 2 38. 3 39. Explains the relationship between the states and the national government. 40. Describes when and how the Constitution can be changed. 41. 27 42. Amendments can be proposed by a two-thirds vote of both houses of Congress or a constitutional convention called by Congress on petition of two-thirds of the states. 43. Amendments can be ratified by three-fourths of the 50 state legislatures or three-fourths of special constitutional conventions called by the 50 states. 44. Necessary and Proper, implied 45. Supreme Court, president, Congress

Study Guide Review 46. Popular sovereignty, limited government/rule of law, separation of powers, checks and balances, federalism 47. Popular sovereignty 48. voting, petitions, protests 49. Rule of law, limited government 50. Limited government – The constitution limits the power of both the federal and state governments by saying what each may and may not do. Rule of law – The law applies to everyone, even the highest government officials. 51. Separation of powers 52. Baron de Montesquieu

Study Guide Review 53. Checks and balances 54. Judicial branch can declare presidential actions unconstitutional. President can veto laws passed by Congress. The legislature can impeach judges. 55. Federalism is the split of authority between national and state government. 56. Enumerated – coin money, maintain army and navy, declare war, regulate trade between states and foreign nations 57. Reserved – regulating trade inside state, setting up schools, making up laws for marriage and divorce 58. Concurrent – collecting taxes, borrowing money, setting up courts and prisons, and enforce laws.

Study Guide Review 59. States that the Constitution and other laws and treaties made by the national government shall be supreme law of the land. It is the highest law and nothing should act against it.

Quick Write (In Composition Journal):