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The United States & World War II

The United States & World War II. Mr. Pagliaro, Seymour High School, @ PagsAPUSH. Ideologies to understand…. Militarism -N- dominance of the armed forces in the administration or policy of the state Fascism -N- radical, authoritarian nationalist political ideology

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The United States & World War II

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  1. The United States & World War II Mr. Pagliaro, Seymour High School, @PagsAPUSH

  2. Ideologies to understand… • Militarism-N-dominance of the armed forces in the administration or policy of the state • Fascism-N-radical, authoritarian nationalist political ideology • Communism-N-movement aiming at classless and stateless society with state ownership of production and the end of wage labor and private property • Totalitarianism-N-a political system where the state, usually under the power of a single political person, faction, or class, recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible

  3. Growing Threat of War • 1931- Japan conquered Manchuria • 1932 – Stimson Doctrine proclaimed by US • No recognition of territory taken by force • Corresponded to Kellogg-Briand Pact

  4. Hitler’s Rise to Power • 1933-Became Chancellor of Germany • 1934-Named Führer und Reichskanzle • Gleichschaltung ("bringing into line"): • economic Depression • the Versailles treaty • Communism • the "Judeo-Bolsheviks” • other "undesirable" minorities • 1935-Military build up, Luftwaffe, navy

  5. Germany Invaded the RhinelandMarch 7, 1936

  6. Creation of Axis • 1939-“Pact of Steel”/Rome-Berlin Axis • 1940- Tripartite Pact

  7. Neutrality Acts • Passed in 1935, ‘36, ‘37, and ’39 • Commitment to isolationism • Support from Washington’s Farewell • 1935-Arms embargo to belligerents • 1936-No loans; didn’t cover civil wars • 1937-Arms embargo to Spain (civil war); cash & carry policy • 1939-Aid to help democracy w/ cash & carry • Failed attempts to pass Ludlow Amendment

  8. FDR’s “I hate war” Speech (1936)

  9. German Aggression… • 1934-German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact • 1936-39 Aid in Spanish Civil War • 1938- • March:/ Austria annexed to German Third Reich • Sept.: Munich Pact signed by UK, France, Germany, Italy • Gave Czech Sudetenland to Germany

  10. Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938 British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with.

  11. More German Agression • 1939- • Aug: Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact-USSR/Germany-non-aggression • Sept/Oct: Nazis invaded Poland

  12. NON-AGGRESSION PACT • If Hitler had to fight the British and French • Hitler and Stalin sign a non-aggression pact and divide Poland. World War II began

  13. Nazis Invaded France-June 1940 • Blitzkrieg offensive • Elimination of France opened • Denmark • Norway • Netherlands • Belgium • Failed in “Battle of Britain” July-Oct. 1940

  14. BLITZKREIG BLITZKRIEG Step One • Attack with the Luftwaffe (Airforce) • Fighters (air superiority) • Stuka (Dive bombers) • Bombers • Destroy Communications (radio…) • Destroy Transportation (bridges, RR) • Destroy Military Targets (bases, supply)

  15. BLITZKREIG BLITZKRIEG Step Two • Next come the PANZERS (tanks) • Hitler’s military designers had developed extremely advanced tanks. • Their tanks were light years ahead. • Advance very quickly, and destroy any remaining targets that the Luftwaffe had left behind. (Comm, Trans, Military)

  16. BLITZKREIG BLITZKRIEG Step Three • Finally come the infantry • They had been training for several years and these troops were VERY ready. • Hitler’s troops were already battle experienced b/c of the Spanish Civil War. • Their job was to MOP UP anything left.

  17. BLITZKREIG BLITZKRIEG Conclusion • The Blitzkrieg was a style of battle, that had never been seen before. • It was extremely successful, it was so overwhelming that no one had a defense to it. • When other nations saw this attack they were not sure if Hitler was THAT good, or was Poland THAT bad……

  18. HITLER OVERRUNS EUROPE • Cartoonist shows how Hitler walked through Europe unopposed. • Hitler’s “blitzkrieg” military tactics made his armies near impossible to stop.

  19. 1940:Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, Netherlands and France

  20. American Aid • 1940- • ”Bases for Destroyers” w/ Britain • Convoy system reinstated • 1941- • Lend-Lease Act • Sale of military surplus to Allies • Aid to Britain & USSR • Hitler attacked USSR • Atlantic Charter Signed

  21. AMERICAN NEUTRALITY • December 16, 1940:Do you think it was a mistake for the U.S. to enter the first World War? • Yes: 39% No 42% No opinion 19%

  22. U. S. Lend-Lease Act, 1941, “US becomes the arsenal of democracy” Great Britain......................$31 billionSoviet Union......................$11 billionFrance...............................$ 3 billionChina.................................$1.5 billionOther European.................$500 millionSouth America...................$400 millionThe amount totaled: $48,601,365,000

  23. lend lease LEND LEASE The US offered Lend Lease as a last defense to stay out of war. It was given to Britain during the Battle of Britain in 1940, the Soviet Union after Hitler’s invasion in 1941 and China. The US became the “arsenal of democracy”.

  24. Back in the states… American policies, elections, and their influence at the time…

  25. Good Neighbor Policy • 1933 – FDR renounced right to intervene in Latin America • 1940 – Havana Conference • US & 20 Latin American allies upheld Monroe Doctrine • Hold off German intervention in orphaned colonies • See cartoon p. 836

  26. German-American Bund • 1930s American-Nazi Association •  Attacked: • Roosevelt administration • Jewish influences • Communism • "Moscow-directed" trade unions 

  27. “America First” Committee Charles Lindbergh

  28. FDR seeks 3rd term Promised to remain out of war

  29. Jan. 1941- FDR – Four freedoms • Speech; outlined: • Freedom of speech and expression • Freedom of worship • Freedom from want • Freedom from fear

  30. Pearl Harbor & Germany First American entry into World War II

  31. atlantic1 ATLANTIC CHARTER • Nazis invaded USSR, June 1941 • FDR and Winston Churchill meet on the USS Augusta in the North Atlantic to sign the Atlantic Charter, August 12, 1941. • common principles • The hopes for a better futurefor the world.

  32. atlantic1 ATLANTIC CHARTER FIRST, we seek not conquest of land or territory….. SECOND, no territorial changes of land between nations. THIRD,Restoration of sovereign rights and self-government FOURTH,Access to raw materials for all FIFTH,World economic cooperation SIXTH,Freedom from fear and want SEVENTH, freedom of the seas EIGHTH,Disarmament of aggressors NINTH, a United Nations for world peace.

  33. map/japan

  34. Japan & Pearl Harbor • Japan imported American steel, oil, gas • 1940-Japan invaded Vietnam; FDR Embargo • 1941-Japanese assets frozen; no sale of gas • Japan saw two options • Withdraw from Manchuria • Attack US @ Pearl Harbor

  35. Attempts at Resolution • Japanese Plan A: partial withdrawal from China – 11/6/41 • Japanese Plan B: withdrawal from Vietnam IF… • America provided oil, stopped aid to China, and helped gain supplies from Dutch colonies – 11/14/41 • American Hull Note: Secretary of State Cordell Hull • Immediate full withdrawal from Vietnam & China • End of embargo afterwards – 11/26/41 Japanese fleet set sail to attack Pearl Harbor on Nov. 25, 1941

  36. Pearl Harbor

  37. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto

  38. Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Plane

  39. Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941 • Japanese GoalImmobilize Pacific Fleet • 4 battleships sunk, 4 damaged, 188 U.S. aircraft were destroyed, 2,402 men were killed and 1,282 wounded • United States unified for war

  40. DAY OF INFAMY • Approximately 100 ships of the U.S. Navy were present that morning, consisting of battleships, destroyers, cruisers and various support ships. • USS Arizona (BB39) Battleship • USS West Virginia (BB48) Battleship • USS California (BB44) Battleship • USS Oklahoma (BB37) Battleship • USS Nevada (BB36) Battleship • USS Pennsylvania (BB38) Battleship • USS Tennessee (BB43) Battleship • USS Maryland (BB46) Battleship • USS Vestal (AR4) Repair ship • USS Neosho (AO23) Oiler • USS Detroit (CL8) Light cruiser • USS Raleigh (CL7) Light cruiser • USS Utah (AG16) Target Ship • USS Tangier (AV8) Seaplane Tender

  41. map/japan

  42. DAY OF INFAMY Infamy7

  43. After FDR’s Day of Infamy speechasking for a declaration of war against Japan, Congress approved the declaration…. • FDR signed the declaration of war against Japan on Dec. 8, 1941

  44. Germany First • America vowed to avenge Pearl Harbor • Germany First strategy: • Defeat Germany • Don’t give up Britain/USSR – guarded USA • If Nazis controlled Europe = unconquerable • Full scale assault on Japan

  45. Diplomacy and the Big Three Latin America, Philippines, and United States’ Alliances

  46. Latin America • Based on Good Neighbor Policy • Aid to protect Caribbean

  47. Philippines • Anti-imperialist sentiments in US & islands • US pledged independence movement in 1935 • Gen. D. MacArthur sent to organize military • Battle of the Philipines (1941-42) • Battle of Bataan (1942)  Bataan Death March

  48. U.S. Surrenders at Corregidor,the Philippines March, 1942

  49. Bataan Death March: April, 1942 76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to POW camps in the Philippines.

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