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Effects of Urbanization. Improvements in Technology. Need to keep up with demands for housing, water, sewers, schools, sanitation, and safety: Skyscrapers Safety elevator Heating systems Electricity Mass transit City zoning Public spaces Parks, Libraries, schools.
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Improvements in Technology • Need to keep up with demands for housing, water, sewers, schools, sanitation, and safety: • Skyscrapers • Safety elevator • Heating systems • Electricity • Mass transit • City zoning • Public spaces • Parks, Libraries, schools
Cities Offer Advantages • More jobs • Factory (blue-collar) and Service (white-collar) • 0pportunities for women • Cultural experiences/Entertainment • Community/friendship • Variety, Promise, Glamour • Higher standard of living than rural areas (for most)
Difficult Transition for Farmers • Urban life very different than rural life… • Work on someone else’s schedule • Make cash money • Ride trolley cars • Pay rent to a landlord • Regularly interact with strangers
Tenement living • Poor had to live in walking distance of work • Caused overcrowding • Tenements • Low cost multi-family housing • Several families in one apartment • Unhealthy and dangerous
Urban Problems: Enter City Planners • Sanitation • Solution: development of sanitation depts. • Spread of disease (through water) • Solution: water filtration system; chlorination • Fires • Solution: Paid, Organized Fire Depts; invention of fire sprinklers • Crime • Solution: Paid, Organized, Uniformed Police Depts; Electric street lights
Who are these City Planners?Who Do they Report to? Answer: city politicians
Growth of powerful political machines who “get things done!”