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CHAPTER 16

CHAPTER 16. Classroom Assessment. Terminology. Assessment Assessment > Grading Measurement Grading Grading ≠ assessment Norm-referenced Criterion-referenced. Based on comparison of student’s performance with classmates Referred to as “grading on the curve”

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CHAPTER 16

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  1. CHAPTER 16 Classroom Assessment

  2. Terminology • Assessment • Assessment > Grading • Measurement • Grading • Grading ≠ assessment • Norm-referenced • Criterion-referenced

  3. Based on comparison of student’s performance with classmates Referred to as “grading on the curve” Grading scale determines what percentages get a particular grade Based on comparisons with predetermined standards Referred to as “absolute grading” Grading is based on level of mastery Grading and Reporting Performance Norm-Referenced Grading Criterion-Referenced Grading

  4. Assessment as an Integral Part of Teaching Diagnostic Assessment Summative Assessment Formative Assessment

  5. Qualities of Assessments ReliabilityDoes the assessment yield stable and dependable scores relatively free of measurement errors? ValidityDoes the assessment measure what it is intended to measure? Content validity Criterion-Related validity Construct validity FairnessDo all students have equal opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge and skill?

  6. Classroom Assessment Traditional Tests Selected-ResponseItems Constructed- ResponseItems

  7. Selected-Response ItemsTrue-False Items

  8. Selected-Response ItemsMultiple-Choice Items

  9. Constructed-Response ItemsShort-Answer Items, Essay Items

  10. Scoring • Raw score • Percentage • Item difficulty index • Item discrimination index

  11. Item Difficulty Index • Item difficulty index is the percentage of students who obtain the correct answer to an item. • Rank-order the scores, highest to lowest. • Select the top third and the bottom third scores. • Determine the percentage of high/low scorers by adding a zero. • Add the percentage of high and low and divide by 2. • high % + low % = difficulty index • 2

  12. Item Discrimination Index Reflects the item’s ability to discriminate between individuals who scored high and those who scored low on the entire test Percentage correct in high-scoring group Percentage correct in low-scoring group Item Discrimination Index

  13. Test Construction • Test planning and objectives • Selecting test items • Grading

  14. Alternative Assessments Authentic assessment means evaluating a student’s knowledge or skill in a context that approximates the real world or real life as closely as possible. Authentic assessment includes dance, music, art, and physical education as well as papers, projects, experiments, and portfolios.

  15. Performance Assessments Performance assessments are evaluated when specific criteria (behaviors) are performed by the student.

  16. Portfolio Assessments Artifacts: Students’ papers and homework Reproductions: Documentation of a student’s work outside the classroom Attestations: Teachers’ or others’ documentation of a student’s work Productions: Documents prepared especially for the portfolio Portfolio assessment consists of evaluating a systematic and organized collection of a student’s work that demonstrates the student’s skills and accomplishments.

  17. Using Portfolios Effectively Establishing Purpose • Growth Portfolio • Best-Work Portfolio Involving Students in Selecting Portfolio Materials Reviewing with Students Setting Criteria for Evaluation Scoring and Judging

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