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Laplace-Ganymede Lander Mission: Unveiling Mysteries of Jupiter's Moons

Explore the history and future of lander missions to Jupiter's Galilean satellites, including plans for Europa and Ganymede. Learn about the unique challenges and significant achievements in soft landings on extraterrestrial bodies. Delve into the science goals, payload details, and mission architecture for potential future missions targeting Europa and Ganymede. Discover the importance of determining the possibility of life on Europa and the search for its potential signatures. Understand the need for thorough reconnaissance missions, innovative landing techniques, and strategic collaborations between space agencies for successful exploration of these intriguing celestial bodies.

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Laplace-Ganymede Lander Mission: Unveiling Mysteries of Jupiter's Moons

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  1. Laplace-Ganymede lander mission LANDERS FOR GALILEAN SATELLITESZIGZAG HISTORY OF THE ENDEAVOUR LEV ZELENYI and OLEG KORABLEV 05 March ,2013

  2. Missions to the Jupiter System I • VOYAGER !!!! • Galileo (1989-2003) • JUNO polar orbiter launched Aug.2011 • Since 1996: ~20 cancelled proposals: • Europa Orbiter (NASA 2002) • Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO, NASA 2005) • Jovian Europa Orbiter (JEO, ESA 2007) Around 2007: • NASA: Jupiter Europa orbiter mission (Flagship) + - SURFACE ELEMENT ?? • ESA: Laplace (L-Class)

  3. Missions to the Jupiter System II • NASA: Jupiter Europa Orbiter (JEO), planned to study Europa and Io. • ESA: Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter (JGO), planned to study Ganymede and Callisto • JAXA: Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter (JMO), planned to study Jupiter's magnetosphere. • Roscosmos: Europa Lander, planned to land on Europa's surface for in situ studies. EJSM Europa Jupiter System Mission : 2008

  4. EUROPA LANDER RUSSIAN SPACE AGENCY RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ICE COVER “Without a surface element, EJSM is just preparatory for a very future mission with goals really related to ASTROBIOLOGY” Olga Prieto-Ballesteros Космос для человечества

  5. WHY LANDER ?? • SOVIET EXPERIENCE IN SOFT LANDINGS (MOSTLY LAVOCHKIN ASSOCIATION ACHIEVMENTS) 1. MOON • first automatic return of lunar samples--3 • first lunar rover -2 • 2. MARS • -No successful landings • 3. VENUS ! • FIRST AND LAST LANDINGS BY SOVIET VENERA”s • 4. Preparations for PHOBOS Landing

  6. Luna 24 Luna 16, 20, 24

  7. Venera9-14 resultsTo look through the clouds, to descend, and to land Venera 9-10 measured the solar flux at the surface – the basic figure to calculate greenhouse. Nightglow spectra. 1975 • Venera11-12 measured atmospheric spectra and fluxes down to the surface. Mass spectrometer showed an anomaly = in 36Ar/40Ar ratio, and measured the isotopes of neon. Gas-chromatographer measured CO and other minor constituents in the low atmosphere. Detection of electric activity; measurements of physical and chemical properties of clouds. Спектры ИОАВ Venus 11 dayside spectra Colour panorama (Venera 13-14)

  8. Laplace-Europa Lander mission (I): Development: 2008: Preliminary assessment 2008: Initial industrial study 2008 2009: Europa Lander workshop 2009 2010: radiation load/scenario/landing site assessment; lander payload definition 2011: further scenario development; orbiter payload definition; payload accommodation Mission architecture: • Europa lander, full mass 1210 kg, target 50 kg of mass for science • Telecom and science orbiter, 50 kg science payload • Multiple fly-bys of Ganimede, Callisto and Europa; • Final circular orbit around Europa with a height of 100 km; • Soft landing, target surface mission duration 60 days. Surface analysis by drilling (30 cm depth) possibly melting probe (<5 kg). Orbiter supports telecommunication. Optional TM directly to Earth via VLBI • Target total radiation dose <100kRad behind 5 g/cm2 Al (300 kRad tolerant components) Roscosmos IKI TSNIIMASH Lavochkin Assoc

  9. Laplace-Europa Lander mission (II): Resources: • 50 kg on the lander, including sample handling and (partially) radiation shield • 3.2 kbit/s via HGA to 70-m dishes • Lander data relay via orbiter • 50 kg on the orbiter, including (partially) radiation shield Science Goals: • The main appeal of the present mission is search for life on or its signatures on Europa • Sample acquisition, concentration • Subsurface access • Establishing geophysical and chemical context • Biology-driven experiments should provide valuable information regardless of the biology results • Lander is to provide ground truth for remote measurements and enhance the detection limits • Orbiter: versatile remote observations; landing site characterization; Jupiter science • Proof-of-the-concept payloads • Lander: • 12 instruments  20 kg • 4-5 kg melting probe • Drill for 30-cm depth • Orbiter: • 6 instruments, incl. radioscience Roscosmos IKI TSNIIMASH Lavochkin Assoc

  10. From Europa Lander to Ganymede Lander • An absolute need for the Orbiter for retranslation • No reconnaissance information on Europa because of NASA Europa Orbiter cancellation • Impossibility for the planned Russian 400-kg Europa Orbiter to fulfill both the reconnaissance and telecom functions • Moreover, 400-kg Europa Orbiter is incompatible with the telecom function only because of high radiation burden in orbit around Europa  Ganymede Lander in coordination with ESA JUICE or a JOINT project with ESA +  +

  11. Ganymede Lander: play safe ! • Detailed reconnaissance from JUICE for choosing the Ganymede Lander landing site • Landing using ESA Visual Navigation system • Telecommunication via JUICE, if logistics permit • Dedicated small (?) Ganymede orbiter for telecommunication and limited science +  + + +

  12. Science objectives • Characterize Ganymede as planetary object including its habitability • Study the Jupiter system as an archetype for gas giants

  13. 1. Why is Ganymede an habitable world Научные задачи: Обитаемость Солнечной системы Why are Ganymede and Europa habitable worlds ? Возможна ли жизнь на Европе и Ганимеде? • Необходимые составляющие • Жидкая вода • Элементы • Энергия • Время The habitable zone is not restricted to the Earth’s orbit… Surface/Deep habitats Deep habitats Deep habitats

  14. Science objectives • From direct search for life on Europa to determining the habitability of Ganymede • Establishing geophysical and chemical context for habitability • Lander is to provide the ground truth for remote measurements and enhance the detection limits • Orbiter: • Complement JUICE (2-points observations, etc) • High-resolution measurements of target areas • Others…

  15. Europa Lander model payload 20315g Largely applicable to Ganymede?

  16. Ganymede surface science • A set of instruments on the Lander • Assume max mass of instruments and aux systems of 50 km to include: • instruments; • sampling device(s); • Deployment • Data handling • Radiation protection for instruments out of common compartment • Penetrator(s)

  17. Landing scheme +IMPACTOR 2007 presentation

  18. Penetrator(s)? • To be released from the orbit • Mass 5-15 kg • Payload <2 kg

  19. Orbiter payload • Reconnaissance • Full mapping from JUICE • Landing sites/target areas • WAC+HRC • What resolution required ? Meters ? (orbit not yet defined…) compare to JUICE final orbit (200 km polar), 5 µrad IFOV • Magnetometer • Boom of several meters! • Radioscience? • Some plasma instruments • Some optical instruments/ others JUICE losers • More info after the JUCIE selection  To define requirements on the Orbiter

  20. THANKS FOR ATTENTION) Европа Ио Ганимед Каллисто Космос для человечества

  21. THANKS FOR ATTENTION

  22. Lander instruments/systems • Set of context instruments • Panoramic camera (stereo, filters or color) • Various sensors (temperature, conductivity, radiation, etc) • Geophysical package • Seismometer • Magnetometer • Geochemistry • Contact (GCMS, Laser Ablation/Raman, XRD/XRS, …) • Sampling system: robotic arm • Remote (IR spectroscopy)

  23. Sampling/mechanisms • Robotic arm with sampling device • Heritage: Phobos-Grunt, Luna-Resource • Mass: 3-5 kg (including commanding?) • Chomic-type perforator (mass-?) • Scoop/sampling cylinder (?) • Dedicated context and close-up cameras (mass ~ 500g) • APX-type instrument(s) (mass ~500 g) • Common sample preparation system for GCMS, laser ablation, XRD, etc ??? • Mast for panoramic camera/IR spectrometer • Stereo camera (type Phobos, Space-X) • High-resolution camera (Type ExoMars) • IR spectrometer (type LIS, or ISEM • Magnetometer boom • No drilling on the lander

  24. Geophysical package • Seismometer • No need for a state-of-the-art Mars-type device • Two-axis • Lognonnee-type or Manukin-type? • Mass: <2 kg (?) • Deployment required or placement on the foot suffice? • To include tiltmeter? • Magnetometer • Keep mass within 1 kg • Deployment necessary!

  25. Ganymede Lander model payload ~25 000 g

  26. Orbiter payload • Reconnaissance • Full mapping from JUICE • Landing sites/target areas • WAC+HRC • What resolution required ? Meters ? (orbit not yet defined…) compare to JUICE final orbit (200 km polar), 5 µrad IFOV • Magnetometer • Boom of several meters! • Radioscience? • Some plasma instruments • Some optical instruments/ others JUICE losers • More info after the JUCIE selection  To define requirements on the Orbiter

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