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H INDUISM, B UDDHISM, P ERSIA, AND C HINESE P HILOSIPHY R EVIEW

H INDUISM, B UDDHISM, P ERSIA, AND C HINESE P HILOSIPHY R EVIEW. By Noah Craig and Trevor Smith. N AVIGATION (Click the maps!). I NDIA P ERSIA C HINA. END SLIDESHOW. I NDIA. H INDUISM, B UDDHISM, G UPTA, AND A SOKA. H INDUISM.

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H INDUISM, B UDDHISM, P ERSIA, AND C HINESE P HILOSIPHY R EVIEW

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  1. HINDUISM, BUDDHISM, PERSIA, AND CHINESE PHILOSIPHY REVIEW By Noah Craig and Trevor Smith

  2. NAVIGATION(Click the maps!) INDIA PERSIA CHINA END SLIDESHOW

  3. INDIA HINDUISM, BUDDHISM, GUPTA, AND ASOKA

  4. HINDUISM • Hinduism originated in India. It was not created by one person, but slowly over time by many people. • Each person has an individual soul, called an atman. • The ultimate goal is to achieve moksha, or enlightenment. • They believe in reincarnation, or being reborn repeatedly. • There is a strong caste system. You move up or down it based on good and bad deeds in your past life. This is called karma. • The lowest tier of the caste system is the untouchables, the highest is the brahmins. • Sacred books: Vedas and Upanishads • Important gods: • Brahma (the creator) • Vishnu (the protector) • Shiva (the destroyer)

  5. GUPTA EMPIRE & ASOKA • Gupta Empire • During the Gupta Empire, India entered a highly productive period in literature, art, science, and math. • Kalidasa is one of India’s greatest writers • Drama was also very popular • Modern numerals, zero, and the decimal system were invented. Aryabhata calculated pi to four decimal places. • Medical guides created. • Asoka • Asoka was originally a cruel and ruthless leader. • He believed in Hinduism. • After a terrible battle, he realized how cruel war was and became a better person • He changed to believe in Buddhism. Asoka’s Chakra >

  6. BUDDHISM • Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama. • He left on a search to end suffering and find religious truth. • After 49 days of meditating, he found the truth and became the Buddha • The four noble truths: • Everything in life is suffering and sorrow • The cause of suffering is desire • The way to end suffering is to end desire • Follow the eightfold path • The final goal of Buddhism is to reach enlightenment, called nirvana. • It spread throughout Asia after Buddha’s death through missionaries and traders • Sacred books: Jatakas.

  7. RETURN TO NAVIGATION

  8. PERSIA KINGS, ROADS, AND BERAUCRACY

  9. CYRUS AND CAMBYSES • Cyrus the Great was considered a military and political genius • He expanded the Persian Empire from Anatolia to the Indus river in only 12 years. • He practiced tolerance over the people he conquered • He would pray at the statues of the gods of cities he conquered • Allowed subjects to continue as they were before as long as they recognized Cyrus as their leader • Cambyses was Cyrus’s son; he took over after Cyrus died. • Conquered Egypt • Did not practice religious tolerance

  10. DARIUS I AND XERXES • Darius came to power after Cambyses • Not related to previous leaders • Used the Ten Thousand Immortals to help • Built the Royal Road and created Imperial Bureaucracy (next page) • Xerxes fights against Greece in the Persian Wars.

  11. ROYAL ROAD AND IMPERIAL BEREAUCRACY • The Royal Road streched over much of Persia • It aided in travel and trade • Ran over 1600 miles • Connected the Empire • Imperial Bureaucracy is splitting the Persian Empire into 20 sections • Each section had a governor called a Satrap.

  12. RETURN TO NAVIGATION

  13. CHINA PHILOSIPHIES, DYNASTIES, AND THE GREAT WALL

  14. CONFUCIANISM • Founded by Confucius • People are naturally good • Followed a code of ethics • Believed in harmony and proper government • Rules should obey their laws to set a good example • The best rulers are Virtuous • Writings: Analects • 5 key relationships: • Father to son • Elder brother to younger brother • Husband to wife • Ruler to subject • Friend to friend

  15. LEGALISM • Founded by Hanfeizi and Li Si • People are naturally evil • Emphasis on law and order • The ruler has authority and has to use it • Strict laws and harsh punishments • No writings • Burned books

  16. DAOISM/TAOISM • Founded by Laozi • Seek harmony with nature • Belief in the yin(g) yang – natural rhythm of life • Government should not play a role • Writings: Dao de Ching

  17. QIN SHI HUANGDI • Qin dynasty • Practiced legalism • Set uniform standards for many things • Forced peasants to work against their will • Built a highway network • Started the Great Wall

  18. HAN DYNASTY • Liu Bang: • Took over after Shi Hunagdi • Centralized government • Lowered taxes • Softened punishments • Wudi • Created a civil service code • Gave government jobs to people who were good at it – not friends • Gave jobs to people

  19. GREAT WALL AND SILK ROAD • The Great Wall was started by Qin Shi Huangdi • Created to protect against attacks from the north • Stretched from the Yellow Sea to the Gobi Desert • Trade Routes from China to Africa and Europe • All kinds of goods traded (not just silk) • Spread goods, culture, religion, and ideas

  20. RETURN TO NAVIGATION

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