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The Age of Exploration: Motivations and Impact on the World

Discover the motivations behind exploration for glory, God, and gold, leading to significant expeditions by renowned explorers. Learn about the Spanish Empire's conquests and colonization methods, and the pursuit of the elusive Northwest Passage.

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The Age of Exploration: Motivations and Impact on the World

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  1. Unit 8 The Age of Exploration Chapter 14 section 1

  2. Motivations • “Glory, God and Gold” • Gold: Spices (Marco Polo and Travels) • Demand had risen as population recovered • Why is the traditional overland trade route now a problem? • God: Chance to crusade against heathens and spread Roman Catholic faith • Glory: Renaissance spirit of inquiry

  3. Innovation and Invention • Maps (Cartography) • Prince Henry the Navigator • The Astrolabe (latitude) and Compass • Better vessels called Caravels • triangle sails, fixed rudders, wider hulls • Armaments • Better cannons

  4. Led by Prince Henry Redesigned ships, made maps, trained sailors at school in Sagres Bartholomeu Dias: Southern most tip of Africa (1488) Vasco da Gama: First to reach India; established trading in India (1498) Portuguese are the first

  5. Christopher Columbus • Spain wants in on trade profits • Sail West to get East • 1492 Ferdinand and Isabella give him 3 ships • Depart Aug 3rd • Scurvy, misery • Arrive at San Salvador October 12th 1492

  6. The voyages of Columbus

  7. Dividing the World • Spain and Portugal agree to the Line of Demarcation in 1493 • Portugal gets the East and Spain the West • The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 gave Brazil to Portugal • Pedro Cabral claimed it for Portugal in 1500

  8. Ferdinand Magellan • September 1519 set out for a 2 year voyage to circumnavigate • Portuguese but working for Spain • 5 ships 285 men • November 1520 3 ships enter the Strait of Magellan and sail into the Pacific Ocean • March 1521 reach the Philippines • Magellan killed • September 8th 1522 18 men and 1 ship return home

  9. Unit 8 The Age of Exploration Chapter 15 sections 2

  10. The Spanish Empire • Conquistadores • 1519 Hernan Cortes defeated the Aztecs and Montezuma (Mexico) • How? (Malinche) • 1532 Francisco Pizarro Defeats the Incas and Atahualpa(Peru)

  11. The Spanish Model of Colonization • Policies • Viceroysroyal governors • tight control • No women except natives • Why? • Wealth based on exploitation of natives and then Africans (by 1542) • Slavery, forced conversion

  12. Impacts of Spanish colonization • Destruction of native language, culture and religion • “Columbian exchange” • New social structure • Penninsulares, • Creole • Mestizo / Mulattoe • Native Indian / African

  13. Unit 8 The Age of Exploration Chapter 15 section 3

  14. The Northwest Passage • 1497 John Cabot sent by Henry VIII to look for a route over N. America to the East • Newfoundland (Grand Banks) • 1535 Jacques Cartier and (France) Samuel De Champlain • Henry Hudson • 1609 had claimed New Amsterdam for the Dutch • Hudson Bay

  15. Other models of colonization English French Quebec 1608 Down Mississippi to LA. Native policies Economic activities Government Sent 700 Single Women • Roanoke 1585 • Jamestown 1607 • Native policies • Economic activities • Government • Allowed families

  16. Columbian Exchange

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