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Understanding Cell Division: Mitosis, Stem Cells, and Cancer Development

This chapter explores the intricate processes of cell division, including the stages of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase) and the role of stem cells during interphase (G1, S, G2). It also delves into the abnormal cell behavior seen in cancer, stemming from mutated cells that fail to regulate their division. The chapter highlights various causes of cancer, from genetic factors to environmental influences like smoking and UV radiation. Understanding these processes is crucial for grasping the complexities of cellular life and cancer prevention strategies.

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Understanding Cell Division: Mitosis, Stem Cells, and Cancer Development

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  1. Cell Clock, Mitosis, & Cancer Chapter 8 (Do Ch 8 outlines & vocab!) Chapter 12 in Campbell text

  2. Cell Clock • Definition: How stem cells spend their time • G1, S, G2 = Interphase (growth, DNA synthesis, more growth) • Mitosis = cell division • G0 = specialized cells

  3. Mitosis • Mitosis = cell division of autosomal cells; Meiosis = cell division of sex cells • PMAT = prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase • What happens at each stage? http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

  4. Actual Cell Pictures of Mitosis • Picture: • 1: Prophase • 2: Metaphase • 3: Anaphase • 4: Telophase • Let’s do the MITOSIS DANCE!

  5. Cancer • Every minute, ten million cells divide in the human body. Normally, cell division, accompanied by growth and specialized development, takes place in an orderly pattern. But when a cell becomes malignant, it acts in profoundly abnormal ways.

  6. Cancer Development • Cancer develops from a single cell that has undergone mutations in its DNA. • Instead of maturing normally and dying, cancerous cells reproduce without restraint. • They never stop dividing, and they fail to mature. (Immortal)

  7. Causes of Cancer • Ultraviolet radiation • X-rays • Drugs, Smoking, and Alcohol • Industrial chemicals • Diet and obesity • Genetics and Heredity • Stress • Viruses

  8. Smoking Attributable RiskPercent of Deaths (1991)

  9. Tobacco • Tobacco is the single greatest cause of cancer worldwide (preventable!) • Many poisonous substances: 44 Carcinogens (hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, nicotine, strychnine, arsenic, benzenes, nitrous-amine compounds…) • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/cigarette/nicotine.html

  10. Search for a Safer Cigarette? • Elimination of tobacco is the single most important step to our winning the war against cancer. • Let’s watch a video!

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