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Neutrino detectors

Neutrino detectors. Basic features: 1) Very small cross-sections of interactions → very big volumes of detectors 2) Very effective shielding → underground detectors, underwater,

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Neutrino detectors

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  1. Neutrino detectors Basic features: 1) Very small cross-sections of interactions → very big volumes of detectors 2) Very effective shielding → underground detectors, underwater, under ice Detector types: 1) Radiochemical detectors 2) Detectors of Cherenkov radiation 3) Scintillation detectors 4) Detectors based on neutrino scattering on electrons Underwater neutrino detector ANTARES Neutrino detector KAMLAND at Japan Kamiokande

  2. Radiochemical detectors For neutrinos with lower energy. Inverse beta decay process: Measurement cycle: 1) Taking of data 2) Radiochemical analysis Impossibility of neutrino energy determination (only threshold) For example: νe + 37Cl → 37Ar + e- νe + 71Ga → 71Ge + e- Scheme of gallium experiment – separation of produced germanium Chlorine experiment of R. Davise

  3. Detectors making use of scintillation or Cherenkov radiation Vessel: 1) Walls are covered by photomultipliers 2) Filled by liquid (liquid scintillator) Kamoikande detector – Cherenkov phenomena is used Scintillation detector LSND

  4. Heavy water – reaction of neutrinos with deuteron: Reaction of only electron neutrinos: Reaction of all neutrinos and antineutrinos: Detector KAMLAND (liquid scintillator) Photomultiplier of KAMLAND detector Detector KAMLAND

  5. 200 TeV e candidate IceCube (AMANDA) – neutrino detector under ice Photomultipliers are sent under ice Detector set-up built up on South pole Detection of Cherenkov radiation produced by electrons, muons and tauons produced by reactions of high energy neutrinos

  6. Neutrino scattering on electron Possibility to detect also neutrinos with very low energy Noise suppression → liquid helium (superfluid) → very low temperature (~ 10 mK) Low neutrino energy ~ keV → low electron energy Ionization, scintillation, phonons, rotons – are detected by sapphire or silicon wafer– absorber → control of temperature capture of „drifting electrons – „electron bubble“ in superfluid and superconductive liquid moves in controlled way in electric field Microcalorimetry of very small temperature changes Proposal of HERON experiment (high of 6 m)

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