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This paper by Jonathan G. Koomey, Ph.D., discusses the growth in data centre electricity use from 2005 to 2010 globally and in the U.S. Major findings include a significant increase in electricity consumption, projected versus actual growth rates, factors influencing slowdown, breakdown of electricity use, and drivers to reduce electricity use. The study delves into the importance of factors like virtualization, cloud computing, and data centre efficiency in shaping future electricity consumption patterns. For more details, refer to the full paper by Jonathan G. Koomey, Ph.D., a Consulting Professor at Stanford University.
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Growth in Datacentre Electricity Use 2005 to 2010 2011 paper by Jonathan G. Koomey, Ph.D. and Consulting Professor, Stanford University.
Main Findings • Growth of Datacentre Electricity Use • 2005 – 2010 • Globally - electricity use in datacentres grew by 56% • U.S. - electricity use in datacentres grew by 36% • Difference of 44% - Globally • Difference of 64% - U.S. Both global and U.S. rates had doubled for 2000 - 2005 Due to reduction in server installed base & changes to the power use per server
Main Findings • Percentage of Electricity Use • 2005 – 2010 • 1.1 - 1.5% of global electricity use • 1.7 – 2.2% of U.S. electricity use • Average Power Consumption • Global – 23.2 to 34.4 gigawatts • U.S. – 7.7 to 12.3 gigawatts
Main Findings • Projected Growth vs. Actual Growth • Globally - Electricity use projected to grow to 2.2% of total electricity used vs. actual growth to 1.3% • U.S. - Electricity use projected to grow to 3.5% of total electricity used vs. actual growth to 2% Projected growth = All trends continue. Upper bound = IDC figures for no. of servers + ‘00 – ’05 electricity use per server continues. Lower bound = IDC figures for no. of servers + no change to electricity use per server. Actual growth = Mid-point of upper and lower bound
Reasons for Slowdown in Datacentre Electricity Use • Other Factors • Cloud computing • Datacentre efficiency • Power consumption per server Reduction in number of servers
Breakdown of Electricity Use in a Datacentre • Volume servers are the single biggest consumers of electricity in the datacentre • Future power per server more important than server installed base • Infrastructure equipment is the biggest group consumer of electricity • Storage capacity less important than number of spindles Switches Hard Disk Drives Solid State Disks Hubs Routers
Breakdown of Electricity Use in a Datacentre PUE - Power Usage Effectiveness: Used to measure efficiency of datacentre. Total Power Entering Facility Power Consumed by IT Equipment PUE Ideal PUE = 1. This means that all the power entering a datacentre is consumed by the IT equipment.
Why is this an area of interest to the electronics industry? Drivers to Reduce Electricity Use Political & Legal – legislation, regulation and policies Economic – Cut costs & increase profits Scientific – Prevent damage to environment (e.g. greenhouse effect) Social – Reputation of company, social influence businesses, corporate social responsibility • Factors Affecting Future Electricity Use in Datacentres • Virtualisation • Cloud computing – Higher server utilisation & less electricity • Power consumption per server vs. numbers of servers • Datacentre efficiency – since 2006 datacentre efficiency improving through practices (e.g. more efficient heating & AC, smart lighting , etc.)
