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Introduction to Matter

Introduction to Matter. What is matter? What kinds of matter are out there?. Matter. Matter. Anything that has: Mass Volume Chemistry deals with matter and changes in matter. States of Matter. Solid Liquid Gas. Plasma. Separate positive & negative charges (very high energy)

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Introduction to Matter

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  1. Introduction to Matter What is matter? What kinds of matter are out there?

  2. Matter

  3. Matter • Anything that has: • Mass • Volume • Chemistry deals with matter and changes in matter

  4. States of Matter • Solid • Liquid • Gas

  5. Plasma • Separate positive & negative charges (very high energy) • Exists only at extremely high temperatures • Found in stars & lightning • 99% of the matter in the universe exists in this state, though it is very uncommon on Earth

  6. Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) • Only exists at extremely low temperatures (very low energy) • Near -273 oC (Absolute Zero) • Entire groups of atoms will behave as one large group • The group is heavier and moves more slowly • Doesn’t behave the way normal solids do

  7. Not all solids are created equal...

  8. Different Types of Solids

  9. Pure Substances • Matter that always has exactly the same composition • Every sample of a pure substance has the same properties • Elements • Compounds

  10. Elements • Substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances that retain the original properties • Only have one type of atom • all atoms of the same element are mostly the same • no two elements have the same kind of atoms

  11. Elements

  12. Compounds • Substance made from 2 or more simpler substances (elements) that are chemically bonded together in a constant proportion • Law of Definite Composition

  13. CompoundsLaw of Definite Composition

  14. Compounds • Substance made from 2 or more simpler substances (elements) that are chemically bonded together in a constant proportion • Law of Definite Composition • Can be broken down into these simpler substances, but difficult to do • The properties of a compound are different than the properties of the elements that form it

  15. CompoundsNew Properties

  16. Mixtures • A combination of more than one pure substance • Tend to retain some of the properties of the original substances • The composition of a mixture is not always the same • different parts, different ratio of substances

  17. Types of Mixtures • Heterogeneous • Does not have uniform composition • Homogenous (Solutions) • Consistent composition throughout • Different substances are so evenly distributed that it is difficult to distinguish one part from another

  18. Homogenous vs. Heterogeneous Mixtures

  19. Examples of Solutions(Homogeneous Mixtures) Liquid - Liquid Gas - Gas Gas – Liquid Solid - Liquid Solid - Solid

  20. Heterogeneous Mixtures • Suspensions • Mixture made of large size particles • Components easily separated, based on their size • Colloids • Mixture of smaller particles (medium) • Layers will not separate, but larger particles prevent light from passing

  21. Matter Suspension Colloid Solution

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