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Digital Library Architecture and Technology

Digital Library Architecture and Technology. Outline. DL architecture Building blocks of DLs DL models Components of DLs DL open source software Modern features in digital library architectures. Introduction. DLs contain a variety of materials, technologies, services and standards

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Digital Library Architecture and Technology

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  1. Digital Library Architecture and Technology

  2. Outline • DL architecture • Building blocks of DLs • DL models • Components of DLs • DL open source software • Modern features in digital library architectures

  3. Introduction • DLs contain a variety of materials, technologies, services and standards • The Web itself, LIS centres as well as database providers and vendors are all examples of information services that can play a role in DLs • Digital library architectures provide a view of the underlying structures and frameworks on which DLs are built

  4. Conceptual design of a digital library E-journals Online databases Remote digital libraries WWW Search interfaces Search interfaces Search interfaces Search engines& directories Library resources Local digital library OPACs Search interface Digital library interface Users Chowdhury (2002) Introduction to digital libraries…

  5. Components of a DL system Arms (1997) names the following components for digital libraries: • User interfaces • Repository • Handle system • Search system

  6. Arms et al. An Architecture for Information in Digital Libraries. D-Lib Magazine, February 1997.

  7. User interfaces • User interface for end-users to get access to the library and its collections • User interface for librarians and system administrators who manage collections

  8. Repository • Repositories store and manage digital objects and other information. A large digital library may have many repositories of various types, including modern repositories, legacy databases, and Web servers. • The repository access protocol (RAP). Is used to recognize the rights and permissions that need to be satisfied before a client can access a digital object.

  9. Handle system • Handles are general purpose identifiers that can be used to identify digital objects, over long periods of time and to manage materials stored in any repository or database. • DOI: Digital Object Identifiers • Example: 10.1234/NP567810.5678/ISBN-0-7645-4889-4 • Persistent Uniform Resource Locator (PURL) developed by OCLC – names the location of an object

  10. Search system • There will be many indexes and catalogs in a digital library that can be searched to discover information before retrieving it from a repository. • These indexes may be independently managed and support a wide range of protocols. • Databases, information retrieval systems, and content management systems are examples

  11. CRADDL architecture • Cornell Reference Architecture for Distributed Digital Libraries (CRADDL - pronounced "cradle"), a set of components that form the core of a digital library infrastructure.

  12. CRADDL architecture • Content in the architecture is stored in the form of digital objects • The repository service provides the mechanisms for the deposit, storage, and access to digital objects • Digital Objects are identified by unique URNs • The index serviceprovides the mechanism for discovery of digital objects via query • The collection serviceprovides the mechanisms for the aggregation of access to sets of digital objects • User interface services or gatewaysprovide human-centered entry points to the functionality of the digital library

  13. CRADDL services

  14. Collection Services Name Service Persistent NAMES User Interface Gateway Index Services Repository Services Components of a Digital Library Digital Objects

  15. Alexandria DL architecture • One of the six projects funded under the Digital Libraries Initiative (DLI), • A digital library of geospatial information, based at the University of California, Santa Barbara • Several databases, gazetteers and thesaurus • Sophisticated architecture

  16. Alexandria Digital Library

  17. Alexandria DL architecture • A three-tier model consisting of: • Servers • Middleware • Clients

  18. Alexandria DL architecture • Servers: maintain collections of metadata describing the library’s holdings and for implementing query and retrieval mechanisms • Middleware: performs standard service on these collections • Clients: search sessions, list the library collections, retrieve metadata, and holdings

  19. DL open source software • Greenstone • Fedora • D-space • Eprint

  20. Greenstone • An open-source multilingual application developed by the New Zealand Digital Library Project at the University of Waikato • Developed and distributed in cooperation with UNESCO and the Human Info NGO.

  21. Greenstone features • Accessible through web browsers • Full text and fielded search • Browsing facilities • Facility to add DC metadata • Multimedia collections • Can support millions of documents • Collections can be published on CD-ROM

  22. Fedora • Flexible tools for managing and delivering digital content. • Jointly developed by Cornell University and the University of Virginia Library • National Science Digital Library (NSDL) uses Fedora • It supports the DC metadata format • It can run on MySQL and Oracle

  23. DSpace digital repositorysystem • Jointly developed by MIT Libraries and Hewlett-Packard Labs • Stores, indexes, preserves, and distributes digital research material. • Various applications: Institutional Repositories, Learning Object Repositories (LORs), eTheses , Electronic Records Management (ERM), Digital Preservation, Publishing

  24. EPrints • Was developed at the University of Southampton, released in late 2000 • The objective was to facilitate open access to peer-reviewed research and scholarly literature • EPrints serves as an archive for other electronic documents such as images and audio. • Currently installed in more than 241 institution.

  25. Modern Features in Digital Library Architectures

  26. Social networking sites • Social networking, bookmarking and tagging • Reviews • Recommendation features • Citation and reference linking • Bibliometric tools

  27. share Bookmark Tag Write reviews Hull, D., Pettifer, S. R., and Kell, D. B. (2008). Defrosting the digital library: Bibliographic tools for the next generation web. PLoS Comput Biol, 4(10):e1000204+.

  28. Tag 1 Tag2 Tag 3 Tag 1 Tag 2 Tag 3 Tag 1 Tag 2 Tag 3 Tag 1 Tag 2 Tag 3 Users interact with resources and create tags Tag 1 Tag 2 Tag 3 Tag 1 Tag 2 Tag 3 Tag 1 Tag 2 Tag 3

  29. Videoblogging and sharing Photo sharing Social networks Bookmarking Academic bookmarking Slide sharing Social Tagging Environment

  30. Citation linking

  31. Get it! Citation linker

  32. Examples • Greenstone: http://www.greenstone.org/examples • Fedora: • Tufts University: http://dl.tufts.edu/ • University of Viginia: http://www.lib.virginia.edu/digital/collections/ • DSpace • U of A: http://repository.library.ualberta.ca/dspace/index.jsp • U of Wolverhampton(UK) : http://wlv.openrepository.com/wlv/ • Queen’s University: https://qspace.library.queensu.ca • EPrints • British Library: http://sherpa.bl.uk/ • E-LIS: http://eprints.rclis.org/ • History and Theory of Psychology: http://htpprints.yorku.ca/

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