GenChem /Organic Chemistry Laboratory Department Office Room 303 Planetary Hall MSN 3E2

1. GenChem/Organic Chemistry Laboratory • Department Office • Room 303 Planetary Hall • MSN 3E2 • Phone 703-993-1070 • FAX 703-993-1055 • Dr. James C. Schornick • Office Room 355 Planetary Hall • Mailbox Room 303 Planetary Hall • Phone 703-993-1091 • E-Mail jschorni@gmu.edu • Classes (Summer 2014) • T, W, R – Chem 318 Organic Lab II Sec 2C2 • 12:00 pm – 3:50 pm Rm 409 Planetary Hall • Office Hours • M, T, W, R, F 9:00 am – 11:00 am Rm 355 Planetary Hall • Course Texts • Slayden, Stalick, Roth: Organic Chemistry Laboratory Manual • Pavia D., Lampman G., Kriz G., Engel, R., Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques, A Small Scale Approach, 2nd ed., • Silberberg, Chemistry, Molecular Nature of Matter and Change • Web Sites • Slayden http://classweb.gmu.edu/chemlab • Schornick http://mason.gmu.edu/~jschorni • Chem Dept http://chemistry.gmu.edu/

2. Chemistry 315 - Organic I Laboratory Syllabus – Fall 2013

3. Chemistry 315 - Organic I Laboratory Syllabus - Spring 2014

4. Chemistry 318 - Organic II Laboratory Syllabus – Spring 2014

5. Chemistry 318 - Organic II Laboratory Syllabus – Fall 2013

6. Chemistry 315 - Organic I Laboratory Syllabus – Summer 2011Session A

7. Chemistry 318 - Organic II Laboratory Syllabus – Summer 2011 Session C

8. Organic Chemistry Laboratory (I & ll) • Objective • The purpose of the Organic Chemistry laboratory courses is to introduce the student to basic techniques used in the lab to identify and synthesize organic compounds. • Experiments Techniques

9. Chemistry Laboratory Class Elements: • Experiments (10) • Typed, Formal Laboratory Reports • Quizzes • Problem Set • Final Exam • Safety procedures • Strictly Enforced • Goggles • Lab Coats • Gloves - Latex Non-latex (Nitrile) alternatives available • Suggest old jeans & shirts (chemical spills & stains inevitable • No Shorts, Flipflops, or Open-Toed shoes • Safety Related Conduct

10. Chemistry Laboratory • Honor Code • GMU operates under a strict Honor Code policy • Honor Code violations will be addressed by the instructor, the Department Chair, or the GMU Office of Academic Integrity, depending on the severity of the offense • The following policies will be strictly enforced in Organic Laboratory. • Quizzes and Final Exams given in the laboratory will be closed book. • Instructor will hand out any additional resources required • Lab Reports & Spectroscopy Problem Set • Lab Reports and the Problem Set are considered take home exams • Students may discuss freely among themselves course subject matter from the lab texts, instructors lectures, and instructor’s website notes, but not in the context of specifics regarding lab report preparation or solutions to problem set questions • All students are encouraged to seek help from the instructor, regarding details of report preparation or solutions to problems

11. Chemistry Laboratory • Honor Code (con’t) • Students are encouraged to report suspected violations of the Honor Code to the instructor • Suspected violations should be reported orally and in writing to the instructor • Students reporting violations should be prepared to participate in a Honor Code Hearing, if applicable • Students, who are reluctant to report violations should consider the harm done to themselves and other students by students who cheat, which has a diminishing effect on grade value

12. Chemistry Laboratory • Class Elements (Con’t): • Missed labs • There are very limited provisions for missed lab sessions, especially in the summer sessions. • Laboratory setup logistics severely limit provisions for making up missed lab sessions. • Students can sometimes make up a lab during the same week of a given experiment (except in summer sessions). • It is the student’s responsibility to anticipate and make provisions for missed labs. • Missed laboratory sessions will receive a grade of zero for the report unless arrangements are made with the instructor for making up the lab work. • Missed Lab Reports • Laboratory reports not handed in will receive a grade of “0.” • Late Lab Reports • Laboratory reports are due the week following the experiment. • One Week Late – 10 points deduction • Two Weeks Late – 25 points deduction • Three Weeks Late – Grade of “0”

13. Chemistry Laboratory Laboratory Process • Quizzes - Quizzes are given at the beginning of lab and last about 20 – 25 minutes. • Lab Lecture - (30-45 min)) • Introduction to the next experiment • Review • Student Questions • Instructor Subjects • Detailed instructions for the Experiment • Pre-Lab Reports • Pre-lab reports containing Purpose, Approach, References, Procedure Descriptions, and proposed Data Presentation Templates are prepared using a supplied template. The pre-lab is due at the beginning of lab and will be checked by instructor during the Quiz. • Final Lab Report – The pre-lab reports are completed with experimental data, a data summary, and an analysis of the experimental results. • The final lab report is submitted the week following the experimental work • The Lab Report is prepared according to the detailed guide lines described in this document utilizing a Microsoft Word lab report template obtained from the web site - http://classweb.gmu.edu/jschorni

14. Chemistry Laboratory • Grades: • Reports, quizzes, exams, and the problem set are graded on basis of 100 points. • Instructor defines curve for assigning letter grades. • Missed assignments will receive a grade of “0”, if not submitted within 3 weeks of lab. • Quizzes / Problem Set (20% of Grade) • Quizzes will cover the background and theory of the experiment performed the previous week, reaction equations, procedural details, applicable computations. • Any quiz may have an additional question on Spectroscopy. • Problem Set (Counts as two (2) quizzes) • Lab Reports (60% of Grade) • The grade for each experiment is based on the laboratory report: • Technical content • Procedure Descriptions • Results & Observations • Analysis of Results, Conclusions • Completeness • Organization / logical structure • Presentation / Neatness • Final Exam (20% of Grade)

15. Chemistry Laboratory The Laboratory Report: • The laboratory report plays the most important role in the presentation of the Organic Lab Course. • The primary focus of the Organic Lab Course is to enhance the learning of laboratory techniques and evaluation of experimental results through a comprehensive laboratory report process. • The report process requires pre-lab planning, focused lab work, and a conscientious effort to effectively communicate the lab results to others in a clear, concise, grammatically and technically correct manner. • Continued improvement in neatness, technical content, organization, and readability dictate the grading process as the semester proceeds. • Final reports, including any charts and spectra for a given experiment, will be submitted not later than Friday of the week following the completion of the experimental data collection. • In some cases, final data collection, e.g., melting points, etc., is done at the beginning of the next experimental lab session, in which case the report will be due the following week.

16. Chemistry Laboratory • The Laboratory Report (Con’t): • During summer sessions there are three (3) lab sessions per week. The lab reports for a summer session week are due no later than Friday of the week following the experiments of the previous week. • The Lab Report is graded on the basis of: • Detailed adherence to the lab report template • logical Organization • Completeness • Brevity • Scientific Knowledge & Correctness • Computational Accuracy • Neatness • Readability • Pre-lab Preparation – The student uses a Microsoft Word report template (downloaded from the Instructor’s Website) to prepare a “Pre-lab Report”, which is checked at the beginning of the lab session. • The “Pre-lab” report then evolves to the “Final Report”to reflect adjustments to the pre-lab procedure descriptions, inclusion and summary of the experimental results, and the analysis of the results leading to applicable conclusions.

17. Chemistry Laboratory • The Laboratory Report (Con’t): • Results must be organized logically in the lab report using a student designed data template for each procedure within the report. Note: Each lab report consists of one or more “Procedures” (see slide 26) Results must be organized and presented in a logical manner, using tables where appropriate Algorithms, including variables, must be defined The computation of each result must be presented including the data substitution for each variable • The “Results Summary” section, following the last experimental procedure, is a paragraph summarizing all of the results obtained in the experiment. Ex: the mass of the methyl benzoate reagent was 3.146 g. • The “Analysis & Conclusions” section, following the “Results Summary,” is a logical development of a set of arguments, utilizing selected results from the experiment, to support any conclusions arrived at as a result of the experimental process. • Emphasis is placed on correct grammar and brevity. Use as few words as possible, but use complete, grammatically correct, sentences. Do not use “First Person”, i.e., I, me, my, our, etc.

18. Chemistry Laboratory • The Pre-lab Report • The Pre-Lab is a template for the final report. It is created utilizing a Microsoft Word template down-loaded from the Instructors Website: • http://classweb.gmu.edu/jschorni/ • Click on: orglabreporttemplate.doc • The Pre-lab contains all the elements of the final report except the experimental data, i.e., the results, final computations, summary, analysis, conclusions. • The pre-lab report will be checked by the instructor during the lab session. The components of the pre-lab consist of the following: • Note: All information in the Pre-Lab Report is assumed known to the student prior to the lab session from the laboratory text resources and the Web Site notes provided by the Instructor. • Name, Date, Course & Section No., Drawer No., Partner(s), if any, entered into the Header Page of the report • Title of Experiment • Purpose • Approach – Sequential list of the procedures to be used to conduct the experiment) • References – Formal citation format for both text resources & compound resources.

19. Chemistry Laboratory • Pre-lab Report – Principal Components • Pre-Lab Report Components (Con’t) • Procedures: • Start each procedure on a new page • Materials & Equipment (2 Columns) • Procedure Description • Equation Setup • Templates for presentation of results (observed or computed, utilizing tables when appropriate)

20. Chemistry Laboratory • Final Report (The Pre-Lab report is completed) • Name (Must be on all pages of report) • Title (Must be on all pages of report) • Purpose • Approach • References • Procedure #1 – Procedure Name (New Page) • Materials & Apparatus (2 Columns) • Procedure Description, Equation Setup • Populated Data Templates & Tables • Final Calculations • Procedure #2 – Procedure Name (New Page) • Materials & Apparatus (2 Columns) • Procedure Description, Equation Setup • Populated Data Templates & Tables • Final Calculations • Procedure #……. • Summary Table of Results (optional) • Summary paragraph of Results (New Page) • Analysis/Conclusions – Logically derived supporting statements to justify conclusions made as to the significance of the experimental results.

21. Chemistry Laboratory • Report Elements • Name, Date, Drawer, Experiment No., Partners, etc. on each Header page of the report • Note: Instructions for entering information into the Header fields are given in the report template. • Title: Short statement about the experiment, e.g., Nitration of Methyl Benzoate. • Purpose: Short, concise statement of what the experiment will accomplish. The statement should include: • The principle reaction involved • A new technique being introduced • The principal instrument(s) that will be used. Ex: The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize a carboxylic acid utilizing an oxidation/reduction reaction between Chromic Acid and an Aldehyde. Ex: The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize the analgesic Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid) in an Esterification reaction between Acetic Anhydride and Salicylic Acid. Ex. The purpose of this experiment is to identify an organic compound using Boiling Point, Refractive Index, and Infrared Spectroscopy

22. Organic Chemistry Laboratory (I & ll) Report Elements (Con’t): • Approach: The Approach is a logical order listing, in paragraph form, of the procedures, including major steps within a procedure, that you will use to conduct the experiment. • The task here is to determine what constitutes a procedure. • A procedure is a logical group of steps to produce a particular result • An element in the Approach would be a simple descriptive statement of the procedure to be used. • ex. Determine the Mass of Benzoic Acid by Weighing. • ex. Separate crude product from reaction solution by vacuum filtration. • Note: Care must be taken not to include procedural details. • Note: Calculations are considered to be procedures, and thus, would be elements in the Approach. • ex. Adjust the Refractive Index value to the standard temperature value of 20oC.

23. Chemistry Laboratory • Report Elements (Con’t) • Approach (Con’t): • Example: • Determine the Mass of the Ethanol from its volume and density. Compute the Moles of the Reagents. Setup the Stoichiometric Balanced reaction equation. Determine the Molar Ratios. Determine the Limiting Reagent. Compute the Theoretical Yield. Extract (wash) the product with Distilled Water followed by 5% Sodium Bicarbonate. Dry the product with Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate. Determine the yield. Compute the % yield of the product. Determine the Refractive Index corrected for room temperature. Obtain an IR Spectra. • Example: • Determine the Mass of Formic Acid by weighing. Determine the Mass of Isobutyl Alcohol from its volume and density. Compute the Moles of the two reagents. Setup the Stoichiometric equation. Determine the Molar ratios. Determine the Limiting Reagent. Calculate the Theoretical Yield. Mix the reagents together with the Sulfuric Acid catalyst. Wash/Extract the organic layer with Sodium Bicarbonate. Separate the Organic layer from the Aqueous layer in a separatory funnel. Dry the product with Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate. Purify and determine the Boiling Point of the product using Simple Distillation. Determine the Mass of the purified product. Compute the Percent Yield of the product. Determine the Melting Point of the product.

24. Chemistry Laboratory • Report Elements (Con't) • Reference Citations – Text A formal citation of the principal resources used to provide background information and procedural details for the experiment. The following texts are normally cited in each Organic Lab report: Slayden, S., Stalick, W., 2005, Organic Chemistry Laboratory Manual, 2nd Edition: Pearson Custom Publishing: 126 p. Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., Kriz, G.S., Engel, .G.R., 2006, Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques, A Small Scale Approach, 2nd Edition, Brooks/Cole-Thompson Learning: 1029 p. • Reference Citations – Website URLs • http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgi-bin/ direct_frame_top.cgi • (The above site provides Mass, IR, Proton & C-13 NMR Spectra) • http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com • (The above site provides Synonyms, Physical Properties, Molecular Formulas, Structural Formulas) • http://www.chemexper.com • Other website URLs you might use.

25. Organic Chemistry Laboratory (I & ll) • Report Elements (Con't) • References (Con’t) – Compound Citations In addition to the text references, the report requires citations for the chemical compound(s) synthesized or identified in the experiment. The following sources can be used as references: • CRC Handbook of Chemistry & Physics, 84th Edition, Lide, D.R., Editor-in-chief, 2003-2004, CRC Press • Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, Weast, R.C., Astle, M.J., 1985, CRC Press • The Merck Index, 13th Edition, 2001, O’Neil, M.J. Senior Editor, Merck & Co., Inc • The citation for a compound must include: • Formal International Union of Pure & Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name • One Synonym (common name) • Chemical Abstracts Registry Number (CAS) • Publication, Date, Edition • Author (Editor) • Page number where compound was found. • Item number of compound

26. Chemistry Laboratory • Report Elements (Con't) • References (Con’t) – Compound Citations Synonyms • In many cases organic compounds have several names in addition to the formal (IUPAC) name. • Use the following steps to find the formal name: • Use Google search or Bing • Type in the name of the compound that you are using . • Wekipedia and other sites can be used to find information about your compound, including the Chemical Abstract System (CAS) Registration No. (XXX-ZZ-Y) • The CAS number can be used to locate your compound in a variety of websites and printed resources that may have the compound listed by just a single or limited number of the various synonyms. • Use the CAS no. to fine the formal chemical name in the Merck Index or the CRC Handbook of Chemistry & Physics – Printed version or on-line version (ChemnetBase from the GMU on-line database library)

27. Chemistry Laboratory Typical page from “chemfinder.com” web site containing Synonyms, CAS No., Molecular Formula, Physical Properties, Structural Info. (http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com)

28. Chemistry Laboratory • Report Elements (Con't) • References (Con’t) - Synonyms • Both the CRC Handbook and the Merck Index have cross-reference tables linking the CAS No. to the compound in the properties table. • In the CRC book, the item number – cross-referenced from the CAS no. – is in the first column followed by a “Name” column and a “Synonym” column. • The more formal name could be in either the 2nd column or the 3rd column. • In the Merck Index, the formal chemical name is usually the name in italics following the CAS No. • The citation includes the following in order: • Formal IUPAC Name, Synonym (1), CAS No., Reference Source, including item number in the table and the page number • Example: • 1,4-dimethylbenzene (p-xylene),CAS No. 106-42-3, CRC Handbook of Chemistry & Physics, 2003, 84th ed., Lide, D.R., Editor:# 4800, p. 3-256

29. Organic Chemistry Laboratory (I & ll) Report Elements (Con’t): • Procedures: • In general, start each new procedure on a NEW page. Exceptions can be made when two (2) or more procedures and associated results can be placed on one page in their entirety without crowding. • The procedure description is placed in the left column of the procedure table in the template. Applicable results for a given procedure go in the column just to the right of the Procedure description. • Each procedure is setup as an individual numbered and named entity. It includes: • Procedure No. & Title • Materials, and Equipment (M & E) • Use two (2) columns in list (bullet) format, one for Materials and one for Equipment. • The Materials column includes, disposable items (capillary tubes, etc.), principal reagents and amounts used • Apparatus setups need to include a detailed list of the major components (distillation head, condenser, Meltemp apparatus, Filter Flask, etc.)

30. Chemistry Laboratory Report Elements (Con’t): • Procedures (Con’t): • Procedure Setup (Con’t): • Procedure Description • A short, concise, but complete, description of the experimental steps used to obtain a particular experiment result. • The procedure descriptions should be an abbreviated form of the detailed instructions from the lab text, lab manual, or Web Site Notes. • The student should use his/her own words, i.e., DO NOT COPY THE BOOK. • The Procedure steps should be complete sentences put in list (bullet) format. • If the procedure involves a computation, the algorithm is setup as part of the procedure description. Variables must be defined. • The equation (derived as necessary) must be setup to represent the computational form of the algorithm.

31. Chemistry Laboratory Report Elements (Con’t): • Procedures (Con’t): • Procedure Scenarios: • If the experiment is the identification of an unknown substance, the following initial procedures are applicable. • If the sample is a liquid the next procedure is to purify the sample and determine its boiling point by Simple Distillation. • The second procedure in the report is the description of the purified unknown sample – solid, liquid, color, odor, etc. • The next procedure for a liquid is to determine its Refractive Index, followed by a sub-procedure to correct the Refractive Index for temperature. • ND20 = ND RmTemp + t (0.00045 / oC) t = Room Temp - 20 • If the unknown sample is a solid, the melting point is determined. • Determine the relative Solubility of the unknown in distilled water. • Determine the Density of the unknown relative to distilled water. • Obtain IR Spectrum and NMR Spectrum

32. Chemistry Laboratory Report Elements (Con’t): • Procedures (Con’t): • Procedure Scenarios (Con’t): • If the experiment is the Synthesis of a compound, the first objective is to determine the Theoretical Yield.To do this you must determine the following in sequence: • The Masses of the Reagents • The Moles of the Regents • The Stoichiometric Molar Ratios • The Limiting Reagent • The Theoretical Yield. NOTE: Each of the above items would be a separate procedure in the report.

33. Chemistry Laboratory Report Elements (Con’t): • Procedures (Con’t) • Procedure Scenarios (Con’t) • Synthesis of Compound (Con’t)If one or more of the reactants is a solid, the following considerations are applicable: • Determine Mass of reactant A to the nearest 0.001 g. by weighing • Determine Mass of reactant B to the nearest 0.001 g. by weighingNote: Since the 2 steps above involve the same process to determine the mass of the reagents, only one (1) procedure is required. • Compute the Moles of reactants A & B.Note: This is a separate procedure

34. Chemistry Laboratory Report Elements (Con’t): • Procedures (Con’t): • Procedure Scenarios (Con’t): • Synthesis of a Compound (Con't):If one or more of the reactants is a liquid the following considerations are applicable: • If a reactant is an Inorganic liquid, e.g.,acid or base, use a Volumetric Pipet(volume precision is good to at least 0.001 ml). • This volume must be converted to Massusing the relationship between volume, density and mass Density = Mass / Vol Mass = Density x Vol • The Mass must be adjusted for the percentage content of the solute in the solution. For example, the % Nitric Acid in conc Nitric acid is 70%. Thus, the mass of HNO3 is 70% of the mass of the solution. • As an alternative, the relationship between Volume and Molarity can also be used to determine the number of moles being used. (Molarity = Moles / Liter)

35. Chemistry Laboratory Report Elements (Con’t): • Procedures (Con’t): • Procedure Scenarios (Con’t): • Synthesis of a Compound (Con't): • If one or more of the reactants is a organic liquid the following considerations are applicable:  The density and percentage content are usually not applicable.  Organic liquids should be weighed directly to obtain the mass to the nearest 0.001 g.  Once the mass is determined, it is converted to moles. • Once the Moles of Reactants have been determined, set up the Stoichiometric balanced equation and determine the Molar Ratios • Determine Limiting Reagent from the number of Moles actually used in the experiment and the Molar Ratio from the balanced equation.Note: See example computations • Compute the Theoretical Yield

36. Chemistry Laboratory • Report Elements (Con’t) • Results The results obtained from the experiment are reported on the “Right” side of the report page opposite the procedure description. The format of each “Results” section must be carefully designed so that the data / observations / calculations are presented in a logical and clearly readable manner, i.e., NEAT. The results are tabulated (not discussed) in a table or other designed format. Excel tables can be imported.

37. Chemistry Laboratory • Download the Lab Report Template from the Web Site • Information is typed in the shaded blocks of the tables. • Procedure Descriptions, Materials, Equipment are “Bulletized” • Information for the “Header” table is entered as follows: • Select “Header & Footer” from the “View” Menu. • Enter the appropriate information into the shaded blocks. • Select “Print View” from the “View” Menu • The Header information will flow automatically to each page. Typical Header Table Typical Procedure Table NOTE: Each Shaded Block Will Expand As Necessary To Accommodate Additional Lines Of Information.

38. Procedure Examples

39. Procedure Examples

40. Procedure Examples

41. Procedure Examples

42. Procedure Examples

43. Chemistry Laboratory • Summary Discussion • The summary/discussion is a listing in “Paragraph” format of the results obtained in the experiment, i.e., ALL RESULTS. • The results are not to be embellished or interpreted in any way. It is simply a summary listing of each result you obtained. • Analysis/Conclusions • A step by step presentation of arguments, utilizing selected results as applicable, to make a statement in support of any conclusions you have reached regarding the results of the experiment. • Ex. What sequence of results lead to your selection of the identity of the Unknown compound? • How did your yield compare to the calculated theoretical yield? • How does Gas Chromatography determination of Mole Percent in a mixture compare to the composition as determined by Fractional Distillation? • What functional groups were identified from the IR analysis and how did you decide on a particular compound structure?

44. Procedure Examples

45. Summary of Compound Properties Use table for Experimental Unknowns & Synthesized Compounds only. Use appropriate literature resources to fill in “Literature” values, even if experimental results are not available.

46. Sec Unk No. Chemistry Laboratory Report Grading Form Experiment: Name:

47. Laboratory Report Grading Codes • Lab Report (Pre-Lab & Final) • Code Comment • a Report – not done, late, incomplete • b Report Template – not used, not typed • c Header Info – missing, incomplete • d References – missing, incomplete • e Purpose/Approach – missing, incomplete, weak • f Procedure Descrip – missing, incomplete, weak • g Procedure Setup – disorganized, ambiguous h Procedure Setup – crowded, start on new page • i Result Templates – missing, incomplete • j Reactions/Equations – missing, incomplete • Purpose • Code Comment • a Text – format, grammar, sentence structure • b Text – wordy, overstated, superfluous • c Text – originality, use your own words • d Elements – omit background. approach items • e Elements – principal reaction/equipment missing • f Elements – missing, incomplete • g Elements – technically weak, incorrect • h Elements – disorganized, ambiguous • Approach • Code Comment • a Text – format, grammar, sentence structure • b Text – wordy, overstated, superfluous • c Text – not in paragraph form • d Text – originality, use your own words • e Elements – each element in a separate sentence • f Elements – omit background, procedural details • g Elements – missing, incomplete • h Elements – technically weak, incorrect • i Elements – disorganized, ambiguous • Reference Citations • Code Comment • a Reference Citation – missing, incomplete • b Reference Citation – incorrect • c URL Citation – missing, incomplete • d Compound Citation – missing, incomplete • e Compound Citation – incorrect • f Compound Citation – page no., item no., missing • g Citation Source – not citable (website, catalog) • Materials & Equipment (M&E) • Code Comment • a Format – not in 2-column “bullet” format • b M&E items – missing, incomplete • c M&E items – mislabeled, incorrect • Procedures • Code Comment • a Procedure No. – missing, incorrect • b Procedure Title – missing, incomplete, incorrect • c Procedure Title – wordy, overstated • d Procedures – missing • e Procedures – not used, not applicable • f Procedures – disorganized, ambiguous • g Procedures – need to be separated • h Procedures – need to be combined • i Procedure Desc – not in “Bullet” format • j Procedure Desc – missing, incomplete • k Procedure Desc – disorganized, ambiguous • l Procedure Desc – technically weak, incorrect • m Procedure Desc – originality, use your own words • n Procedure Text – grammar, sentence structure • o Procedure Text – wordy, overstated, superfluous • p Extraneous Info – omit analysis & conclusions • Theoretical Yield • CodeComment • a Reaction Equation – missing, incomplete, incorrect • b Molar Ratio – missing, incomplete, incorrect • c Reaction Mechanism – missing, incomplete, incorrect • d Limiting Reagent – missing, incomplete, incorrect • e Theoretical Yield – missing, incomplete, incorrect • f Summary Table – missing, incomplete, incorrect • Results (Includes Tables, Charts & IR/NMR spectra) • CodeComment • a Template – weak design, disorganized b Presentation – messy, not typed • c Results – missing, incomplete d Results – incorrect, ambiguous • e Results – redundant, misplaced • f Tables, Charts – missing, incomplete, incorrect • g Spectra – missing, incomplete, incorrect • h Spectra Labels – missing, incomplete, incorrect • i Extraneous Info – omit background, procedure items • j Conclusions – out of place, move to analysis • Computations / Chemical Reactions • CodeComment • a Equation Setup ` – missing, incomplete, incorrect • b Variables – undefined, ambiguous • c Data Substitution – missing, incomplete, incorrect • d Computation ` – missing, incomplete, incorrect • e Units – missing, incomplete, incorrect • f Chem Reactions – missing, incomplete, incorrect • g Precision, Sig Fig – incorrect • Summary of Results • CodeComment • a Results – missing, incomplete • b Results – incorrect, don’t match report • c Results – disorganized, ambiguous • d Results – each result in a separate sentence • e Text – not in paragraph format • f Text – grammar, sentence structure • g Text – wordy, overstated, superfluous • h Extraneous Info – omit background, procedural details • i Conclusions – out of place, move to analysis • Analysis, Significance of Results, Conclusions • CodeComment • a Analysis – missing, incomplete • b Analysis – weak, incorrect • c Analysis – disorganized, ambiguous • d Analysis – arguments incomplete, missing • e Analysis – arguments lack support data • f Analysis – weak theory connection • g Results – repeat of summary of results • h Text – grammar, sentence structure • i Text – wordy, overstated, superfluous • j Extraneous Info – omit, purpose, procedural details • Literature Summary Table • Code Comment • a Literature Summary Table – missing, incomplete • b Unknown No. – missing, incorrect • c Unknown Identification – missing, incorrect • d Compound (IUPAC) Name – missing, incorrect • e Compound Synonyms – missing, incorrect • f Physical Properties – missing, incorrect • g Molecular Formula – missing, incorrect • h Structural Formula – missing, incorrect • i Report Template – do not modify

48. Chemistry Lab Report - Computations • There is NO separate Calculations section. • Each computation is placed in the report as a • NEW PROCEDURE • A Computation Procedure is created as soon as all pertinent information needed for the calculation becomes available through prior experimental results and/or other computed results. • Each computation is to be setup as a separate procedure. The equation is setup along with variable definitions in the procedure description. The data substitution and final calculations are presented in the results section across from the description section. Appropriate units must be presented and the calculations must be carried out with correct precision. • The student must plan and design the results section to accommodate all of the anticipated results – measured, observed, or computed - for a given procedure. New procedures should not be started until the previous procedure and associated results are completed. • Computations using results from two or more procedures should be grouped and presented in a separately titled procedure as soon as all of the pertinent data for the new computation is available.

49. Chemistry Lab Report - Computations • Computation Setup • In the “Description” box of the Procedure section provide a brief description of the equation and what it does. • Set up the equation in the “Equation Setup” box of the Procedure Section. • The equation setup should define the variables used in the equation and their logical relationship. • In the “Results” box of the Procedure section show the values of the variables used in the equation and then substitute the values in the equation and make the final calculation. • Show appropriate units. • Report results to appropriate accuracy, i.e. correct number of decimal places and significant figures. Note: When multiple computations are done using the same “Equation” only “ONE” procedure is needed. If the equation changes then a “NEW” procedure is required.

50. Chemistry Lab Report - Computations • Organic Chem Lab AlgorithmsMany of the Organic Laboratory Reports require the student to make computations for selected results.These include: • Mass of a reagent from the weight of the vial containing the reagent and the mass of the vial empty. Mass Vial + Compound = 9.234g Mass Vial = 6.528g Mass Compound = 2.706g • Mass of a liquid reagent (generally inorganic acids or bases) from the volume, density, and% composition. Mass (g) = Vol(mL) x Den(g/mL) x % comp/100 • Moles of reagents from the Mass and Molecular Weight. moles = mass / mol wgt. • The Moles of a reagent can also be computed directly from the Volume and Molarity of the reagent, e.g. the Molarity of concentrated HCL is 12 moles/L moles = Vol(L) x Molarity (moles/L)