Unit 1: Introduction to Anatomy

1. Unit 1: Introduction to Anatomy Test Review

2. Which term refers to the study of how an organ functions? • Physiology

3. A group of similar cells performing a specialized function is referred to as a(n) • Tissue

4. Cells are to tissues as tissues are to • Organs

5. Be able to describe anatomical position • Standing up • Feet facing forward • Arms at sides • Palms forward

6. Know your directional terms & which are alike & opposite • Anterior/Ventral vs Posterior/Dorsal • Superior vs Inferior • Medial vs Lateral

7. Which directional term refers to the back? • Posterior/Dorsal

8. The heart is ________ to the lungs? • Medial

9. In atatomical position, the wrist is ____________ to the elbow. • Distal

10. Which type of section divides the body into anterior & posterior portions? • Frontal/coronal

11. Visceral refers to • Internal organs

12. Which two cavities does the diaphragm separate? • Thoracic & abdominal

13. The liver would be found in which cavity? • Abdominal

14. The urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region? • hypogastric

15. Homeostasis refers to • Stable internal conditions

16. In which quadrant would the pain of acute appendicitis be felt? • Lower right quadrant

17. The study of the body's organization that considers the heart, blood and all of the associated blood vessels as a unit is called? • Systemic anatomy

18. The study of the body's organization by areas (the approach used in most medical schools) is called • Regional anatomy

19. X-rays, ultrasound, MRI, and other technologies used to create pictures of internal structures are examples of • Anatomical imaging

20. Which organ systems is/are involved in transporting or exchanging gases in the body? • Respiratory • Cardiovascular/circulatory

21. The organ system that consists of the skin, hair, and nails, and protects the body and prevents water loss is the • Integumentary

22. The organ system that maintains tissue fluid balance, filters foreign material from blood and lymph, absorbs fats from the digestive tract, and combats disease is the • Lymphatic system

23. Given these structures: Organ, organelle, chemical, cell, organism, organ system, tissueArrange the structures in the correct order from smallest to largest: • Chemical • Organelle • Cell • Tissue • Organ • Organ system • Organism

24. The organ system that consists of glands such as the pituitary and thyroid glands and is a major regulatory system is the • Endocrine system

25. The basic living unit of all plants and animals is the • Cell

26. What is a function of negative feedback mechanisms? • Maintain homeostasis

27. What are the two examples of a positive-feedback mechanisms given in class? • Chronic hypertension • Childbirth

28. From the anatomical position, the scapula (shoulder blade) is always _____ to the ribs • Dorsal • Posterior • Superficial

29. A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves is also correctly called the • Midsaggital plane

30. The term that would best describe an injury (lesion) of the upper arm is a(n) • Brachial lesion

31. A cut across the long axis of an organ at an angle other than a right angle is described as a(n) • Oblique section

32. The trunk of the body consists of the thorax, the abdomen, and the • Pelvis

33. The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the • Diaphragm

34. The mediastinum divides what? • The thoracic cavity into two parts

35. The heart is found in what cavities/structures? • Mediastinum • Thoracic cavity

36. The fluid found between serous membrane layers does what? • Reduces friction

37. Which of these statements about serous membranes is true?A. Serous membranes line cavities that open to the outside of the body.B. Visceral serous membranes are in contact with internal organs.C. Retroperitoneal organs are surrounded by both parietal and visceral serous membranes.D. Serous membranes surround the pleural and peritoneal cavities, but not the pericardial cavity.E. All of these are true. • B

38. The pericardial cavity contains ___. • Pericardial fluid

39. The kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, and urinary bladder are what type of organs? • Retroperitoneal

40. Given the cavities: 1. Abdominal cavity, 2. Pelvic cavity, 3. Oral cavity, 4. Pericardial cavityWhich of these cavities are lined with serous membranes? • Abdominal • Pelvic • Pericardial

41. A girl is lying on her left side. Her right ear is _____ to her nose. • Posterior • Lateral

42. Differentiation occurs when • Some portions of DNA become (or remain active) while other portions become (or remain) inactive.

43. A negative feedback mechanism contains what three components? • Sensor • Control center • Effector

44. A feedback mechanism that takes the body away from homeostasis is • Positive feedback mechanism

45. A feedback mechanism that returns the body to homeostasis is • Negative feedback mechanism

46. In anatomic terms, the forearm is the _____ region and the fingers are the _____ region. • Antebrachial, digital

47. In anatomic terms, the posterior portion of the elbow is the ____ region. • olecranal

48. The dorsal body cavity contains what two cavities? • Cranial • Vertebral

49. The mediastinum, pleural, and pericardial cavities are contained within which trunk cavity? • thoracic

50. The coxal region refers to the • hip