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THE BRITISH CIVIL WAR

THE BRITISH CIVIL WAR. Why is Parliament in charge?. Henry VIII wanted to divorce Catherine. She was Catholic and related to an advisor to the Pope. The Pope said “No” to the divorce. Henry VIII formed his own Church: The Church of England and granted himself a divorce.

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THE BRITISH CIVIL WAR

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  1. THE BRITISH CIVIL WAR

  2. Why is Parliament in charge? • Henry VIII wanted to divorce Catherine. She was Catholic and related to an advisor to the Pope. The Pope said “No” to the divorce. • Henry VIII formed his own Church: The Church of England and granted himself a divorce. • Henry VIII gave Parliament control of the Country’s finances in return for them approving the Church of England and his divorce.

  3. After Henry VIII Henry VIII had three Children: Mary with Catherine (Wife #1)(Catholic) Elizabeth with Anne (Wife #2) (Church of England) Edward with Jane Seymore (Wife #3) (Church of England)

  4. Henry VIII Dies, then… Following Henry VIII’s death in 1547: • Edward VI becomes King. He Dies in 1553. • Mary I becomes Queen in 1553 until she died in 1558. • Elizabeth I becomes Queen in 1558 until 1603 when she dies without an heir • James I becomes King in 1603. He was a relative of Henry VII, father of Henry VIII who was Elizabeth’s father.

  5. STEWART RULE James I takes the throne and is a believer in the Divine Right of Kings. Remember that because of Henry VIII’s move away from the Catholic Church, Parliament controls the finances of the Country. Due to “Bloody” Mary’s rule in Parliament are “Puritans” wanting to purify England of anything Catholic. James I asks for money and is rejected by Parliament. To get around Parliament he sold titles of nobility for money. He dies peacefully in 1625.

  6. What religion are most members of Parliament • Catholic • Jewish • Puritans • Not religious

  7. What is the primary conflict between the King and Parliament • Religion • Money • Court Etiquette • International Relations

  8. Which King are we talking about? • Charles I • James I • Oliver Cromwell • William and Mary • James II • George I

  9. STEWART RULE II Charles I takes the throne in 1625. He disbands Parliament because they won’t give him the money he wants to go to war with Spain and France. He attempts to get Nobles to “loan” the govt. money. He forces people to house troops at their own expense. Has to re-convene Parliament in 1628

  10. Which of the following is not a cost saving measure used by the King? • No more wars • “borrow” money from Nobles • Soldiers housed at owners expense • Put areas under marshal or military law

  11. Parliament’s Pretty Unhappy • When Parliament is called back into session they pass the Petition of Right (1628): • 1. The king cannot collect taxes or force loans without Parliament’s consent. • 2. The king could not imprison anyone without just cause • 3. Troops could not be housed against the will of the house’s owner. • 4. The king could not declare martial law unless the country was at war. The king ignored the Petition of Right and disbanded the Parliament and vowed never to reinstate them.

  12. Why did the King reject the Petition of Right? • He suggested a better way of raising money. • He thought the King should have all the power • He didn’t and followed it’s rules. • He was Catholic and thought the Church was more important.

  13. THE SHORT OF IT T • The King persecutes Puritans. They couldn’t preach or publish. He had their books burned and publically whipped outspoken and they leave for America. • England is invaded by the Scots because of the English attempts to force Church of England’s prayer book on them. • To defend the country the King recalls the Parliament. They will not do what he wants. He disbands them after three weeks. This is called the SHORT PARLIAMENT • Realizing he needs Parliament, the King is forced to recall them. • This is becomes known as the LONG PARLIAMENT and they wanted to decrease the power of the King.

  14. What causes the King to recall the Parliament? • The King changed his mind • The Scots invaded • Parliament recalled the King • Germany declared war on England

  15. THE LONG OF IT • MAIN OBJECTIVE OF PARLIAMENT: • To take away the King’s power. • The British Civil War becomes military pitting the Cavaliers vs. Roundheads for 4 years Roundheads win: Executes Charles I in 1649. Oliver Cromwell leads the Country until his death. His son takes control for one year.

  16. Who supports the Parliament? • The Roundheads • The Cavaliers • The Whigs • The Tories

  17. RESTORATION • CHARLES II • Cavalier Parliament pass Clarendon Code • Church of England is the official Church of Country • Only Anglicans can attend universities or serve in Parliament. • Forces King to follow the powers of the king outlined in the Constitution.

  18. The Claredon Code doesn’t reinforce which of the following? • Catholics are not powerful in England • The power of the Anglican Church • The control of the King over Parliament • The Government of England is connected to the Church of England

  19. GLORIOUS REVOLUTION I • Exclusion Bill (1679) • Parliament wanted to keep James II from taking throne. Divided Whig and Tory • Tories defeat Exclusion Bill but must accept the right of Habeas Corpus: • Made it illegal for the king or any government to hold anyone without just cause or without trial, • This increased the rights of the individual and decreasing the rights of the king. • James II takes the throne

  20. Which of the following is False? • The Exclusion Bill passed Parliament • The two sides of the Bill were the Whigs and Tories • The Exclusion Bill would have allowed Catholics to take the Throne • The Habeas Corpus principal was the compromise of this Bill’s outcome

  21. James’ Big Mistake • He becomes Catholic and demands Absolute Power • His daughter from his first marriage is Mary, who is Protestant and married to William who is the ruler of the Netherlands. • His second wife has a son, who James II says will be Catholic. • Parliament encourages William and Mary to attack James II who has no support. • The switch is made quickly: • James II is out • William and Mary take the throne • This is known as the Glorious Revolution

  22. GLORIOUS REVOLUTION II • Under the rule of WILLIAM AND MARY the following pass: BILL OF RIGHTS: • Trial by Jury • Outlawed cruel and unusual punishment • Limitation on the amount of bail • Ability to appeal to the king by ordinary citizens ACT OF SETTLEMENT: • Banned Catholics from ever taking the Throne • Catholics of Ireland were forbidden from governing themselves.

  23. The Glorious Revolution was: • A war between France and England • A reinstatment of the King on the throne • The installment of a foreigner and his wife to the throne of England • A triumph of Catholics in the Royal house of Stewart.

  24. Which of the following did William and Mary not approve? • A law which added more individual rights • A law which forbade Catholics from taking the throne • A law which brought together Scotland and Ireland • The Bill of Right • The Act of Settlement

  25. Start of the American Revolution • ANNE • Act of Union brings together Scotland and England into Great Britain • GEORGE, GEORGE, GEORGE • George III. • Grows the empire. Takes much of France’s holdings in America. • Attempts to pay for the French and Indian War with Colonial money.

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