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Exploring the Groups in the Gospels: Understanding the Roles of Pharisees, Sadducees, and More

This Bible study session delves into the various Jewish groups during the time of Jesus as presented in the Gospel of Matthew. We analyze the Pharisees' religious zeal, the Sadducees' political influence, the ascetic life of the Essenes, the revolutionary spirit of the Zealots, and the everyday struggles of the People of the Land. Through this exploration, participants will gain insight into the social and religious context of Jesus' ministry and understand how these groups interact with His message.

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Exploring the Groups in the Gospels: Understanding the Roles of Pharisees, Sadducees, and More

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  1. GROWING DEEPLY BIBLE STUDY SESSION 16Gospel of Matthew January 29, 2014

  2. PEOPLE/GROUPS IN GOSPELS Pharisees Sadducees Essenes Zealots Sanhedrin People of the Land

  3. PHARISEES Influential Laity More religious, than political Interpretation of the Law Providence directs all Free will & personal responsibility Life after death – reward/punishment Angels & Demons Torah and Oral Tradition

  4. SADDUCEES Priestly class Powerful and political Free will to choose good/evil & responsible for choice Rejected: resurrection, Messiah, angels/demons Torah and Temple

  5. ESSENES Separated from society, but in own communities Apart from hopelessly corrupted world/society Qumran?? John the Baptist??

  6. SANHEDRIN Governing body Legislative and Judicial 70 + High Priest Power granted/approved by Rome

  7. ZEALOTS Zeal for Jewish purity, power & independence Apocalyptic hope Advocating open war with Rome

  8. People of the Land Simple ordinary folk Struggling to survive Little knowledge of Torah, yet sincere Extreme apocalyptic hopes/expectations Primary audience/client of Jesus

  9. MATTHEW Your Observations Date Author Style Themes Audience

  10. MATTHEW DATE After: 65-68 Before: 110 Likely: 75-100 Settle: 80-90

  11. MATTHEW AUTHOR Matthew?? Jewish-Christian Knew Greek Knew Jewish Scriptures

  12. MATTHEW AUDIENCE / THEME Jewish-Christians in Jewish society Jesus as fulfillment of true Judaism Jesus fulfilled Scripture Text references: historical event, underlying meaning

  13. MATTHEW JESUS is: • open about his identity/role • wise teacher – “Rabbi” • intellectual – thinker, prodder • “regal” figure, King of Israel

  14. MATTHEW TEACHING STYLES • hyperbole • metaphor • parable • NOT allegory

  15. MATTHEW: Outline Birth Narratives 1-2 Beginning of Ministry 3-4 Sermon on the Mount 5-7 Public Ministry/Teaching 8:1-16:12 Recognition & Confession 16:13-23 Cost of Discipleship & Road to Jerusalem 16:24-20:34 In Jerusalem 21-25 Passion/Crucifixion/Resurrection 26-28

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