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The present subjunctive is essential in Spanish for expressing hope, doubt, emotion, and judgment in subordinate noun clauses. This guide covers when to use the subjunctive based on the relationship between the subjects of the main and subordinate clauses. Explore examples such as "Patricia espera que Mario vaya al colegio" (Patricia hopes that Mario goes to school) and other scenarios involving denial, emotion, and judgment. Additionally, discover how to use the subjunctive to describe unknown or non-existent subjects.
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El presente de subjuntivo The present subjunctive
In a subordinate noun clause Use the subjunctive in a subordinate noun clause if the subject in the subordinate clause is different from the subject in the main clauseif the verb in the main clause expresses: • Hope, wish or recommendation • Doubt or denial • Emotion • judgement
Hope, wish, or recommendation Patricia esperaque Mario vaya al colegio. Patricia hopes that Mario goes to school. Main clause: Patricia espera Subordinate clause: que Mario vayaal colegio.
Doubt or denial • Los padres nieganquesushijosseanmalcriados. • The parents deny that their children are ill-mannered. • Main clause: The parents deny • Subordinate clause: that their children are ill-mannered
Emotion • Me alegro de quehayamenosviolencia en su barrio. • I’m glad that there is less violence in your neighborhood • Main clause: I’m glad • Subordinate clause: that there is less violence in your neighborhood.
Judgment • Essorprendenteque los políticos no puedansolucionar el problema del desempleo. • It is surprising that the politicians cannot solve the unemployment problem. • Main clause: Essorprendente • Subordinate clause: que los políticos no puedansolucionar el problema del desempleo.
Subordinate clause as adjective • Use the subjunctive in the subordinate clause if it describes: • Something or someone unknown or that does not yet exist • Something or someone whose existence is denied or questioned
Something or someone that doesn’t yet exist • Maríabusca un novioqueseamuybieneducado. • Maria is looking for a boyfriend who is very well-mannered. • Vs • Maria tieneun novioqueesmuybieneducado. • Maria has a boyfriend who is very well-mannered.
Something or someone whose existence is denied or questioned • No conozco a ningunaparejaque no tengaproblemas de vez en cuando. • I don’t know any couple who doesn’t have problems now and then. • Vs • Conozco a muchasparejasquetienenproblemas de vez en cuando. • I know many couples who have problems now and then.
