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Table of Contents

Table of Contents. Properties of Minerals How Minerals Form Using Mineral Resources. - Properties of Minerals. What Is a Mineral?. A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.

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Table of Contents

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  1. Table of Contents • Properties of Minerals • How Minerals Form • Using Mineral Resources

  2. - Properties of Minerals What Is a Mineral? • A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.

  3. To calculate the density of a mineral, divide the mass of the mineral sample by its volume. Density = Mass/Volume For example, if a sample of olivine has a mass of 237 g and a volume of 72 cm3, then the density is 237 g/72 cm3 = 3.3 g/cm3 Practice Problem A sample of calcite has a mass of 324 g and a volume of 120 cm3. What is its density? 324 g ÷ 120 cm3 = 2.7 g/cm3 - Properties of Minerals Calculating Density

  4. - Properties of Minerals Mineral Density • Use the line graph of the mass and volume of pyrite samples to answer the questions.

  5. 50 g; 10 cm3 Reading Graphs: What is the mass of Sample B? What is the volume of Sample B? - Properties of Minerals Mineral Density

  6. 5 g/cm3 Calculating: What is the density of Sample B? - Properties of Minerals Mineral Density

  7. 100 g; 20 cm3 Reading Graphs: What is the mass of Sample C? What is the volume of Sample C? - Properties of Minerals Mineral Density

  8. 5 g/cm3 Calculating: What is the density of Sample C? - Properties of Minerals Mineral Density

  9. The density of samples B and C is the same. Comparing and Contrasting: Compare the density of Sample B to that ofSample C. - Properties of Minerals Mineral Density

  10. 8 g Predicting: A piece of pyrite has a volume of 40 cm3. What is its mass? - Properties of Minerals Mineral Density

  11. No; density does not depend on size. Larger samples have more mass, but the ratio between mass and volume is constant. Drawing Conclusions: Does the density of a mineral depend on the size of the mineral sample? Explain. - Properties of Minerals Mineral Density

  12. - Properties of Minerals Identifying Minerals • The crystals of each mineral grow atom by atom to form that mineral’s particular crystal structure. Geologists classify these structures into six groups based on the number and angle of the crystal faces.

  13. - Properties of Minerals Crystal Systems Activity • Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about crystal systems.

  14. - Properties of Minerals Outlining Properties of Minerals • An outline shows the relationship between major ideas and supporting ideas. As you read, make an outline about the properties of minerals. Use the red headings for the main topics and the blue headings for the subtopics. • What Is a Mineral? • Naturally Occurring • Inorganic • Solid • Crystal Structure • Definite Chemical Composition • Identifying Minerals • Color • Streak • Luster • Density • Hardness • Crystal Systems • Cleavage and Fracture • Special Properties

  15. Data Sharing Lab • Click the PHSchool.com button for an activity about sharing data for the Skills Lab Finding the Density of Minerals.

  16. End of Section:Properties of Minerals

  17. - How Minerals Form Where Minerals Form • Minerals can form on the surface through evaporation of solutions containing dissolved minerals. Minerals can form beneath the surface when dissolved elements and compounds leave a hot water solution or when magma cools and hardens.

  18. - How Minerals Form Asking Questions • Before you read, preview the red headings. In a graphic organizer like the one below, ask a how or what question for each heading. As you read, write answers to your questions. Questions Answers How do minerals form from magma? They form when magma cools and crystals grow. How do minerals form from solutions? They form when solutions evaporate or cool.

  19. - How Minerals Form More on Mineral Formation • Click the PHSchool.com button for an activityabout mineral formation.

  20. End of Section:How Minerals Form

  21. - Using Mineral Resources Producing Metals From Minerals • In the process of smelting, an ore is mixed with other substances and then melted to separate the useful metal from the other elements the ore contains.

  22. - Using Mineral Resources Using Prior Knowledge • Before you read, look at the section headings and visuals to see what this section is about. Then write what you know about mineral resources in a graphic organizer like the one below. As you read, write what you learn. What You Know The gems used in jewelry are minerals. Metals come from Earth. What You Learned Minerals are also the source of metals and other useful materials, like quartz and gypsum. Most metals come from ores, which are mined and smelted before the metals can be used.

  23. - Using Mineral Resources Rubies • Click the Video button to watch a movie about rubies.

  24. - Using Mineral Resources Producing Aluminum • Click the Video button to watch a movie aboutproducing aluminum.

  25. - Using Mineral Resources Links on Mining Minerals • Click the SciLinks button for links on mining minerals.

  26. End of Section:Using Mineral Resources

  27. Graphic Organizer Hematite Brick Naturally occurring Human-made Solid or inorganic Crystal structure No crystal structure Inorganic or solid Definite chemical composition Chemical composition varies

  28. End of Section:Graphic Organizer

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