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The Washington Presidency

The Washington Presidency. 1789 Election Unanimous Candidate Would Rather Retire Civil Duty Image Not proper to “Run” for President. Ladies & Gentlemen, The President of the United States John Adams Vice-President “Your Highness the President of the United States” The Cabinet

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The Washington Presidency

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  1. The Washington Presidency 1789 Election Unanimous Candidate Would Rather Retire Civil Duty Image Not proper to “Run” for President Ladies & Gentlemen, The President of the United States John Adams Vice-President “Your Highness the President of the United States” The Cabinet Thomas Jefferson Secretary of State Alexander Hamilton Secretary of Treasury Henry Knox Secretary of War

  2. The Washington Presidency Hamilton’s Fiscal Policy Report on the Public Credit Gov’t assume all state debt-past 15 years Validity to Government Domestic & Foreign 1st National Bank of the United States Strict v. Loose Strict Constructionist Specific Loose Constructionist Implied Report on Manufactures Nurture “infant industries” A Split in the Cabinet National Bank Interpretation of Constitution Jefferson-Sec. Of State Strict Constructionist Hamilton-Sec. Of Treasury Loose Constructionist

  3. The Dinner Jefferson’s Account Only record of event The players Alexander Hamilton James Madison The Issue Hamilton’s Fiscal Plan Southern Opposition Assumption of state debts The Compromise of 1790 Move Capital to Chesapeake Region Madison supports Fiscal Plan Pass Hamilton supports July 9, 1790 Residence Bill 32-29 July 26, 1790 Assumption Bill 34-28

  4. The Washington Presidency The Whiskey Rebellion Summer 1794 Excise Tax Luxury Tax Purpose of Taxes? Western Pennsylvania Alexander Hamilton Left NY to lead Militia Presidential Aspirations Federal Authority Commitment to Union Protection of Western Boundary National Supremacy

  5. The Washington Presidency Jay’s Treaties The Treaty Itself British Withdrawal by 1796 Limited Trade with British East & West Indies Most Favored Nation Enjoy benefits equal to those the other accorded any state Hamiltonian Victory American Neutrality French Revolution Pinckney’s Treaty The Treaty Itself 31st Parallel Shipping Rights on Mississippi

  6. The Washington Presidency Washington’s Farewell Address Union “Prop of your liberty” Political Parties “baneful effects of the spirit of party” Foreign Affairs “extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible” Washington’s Legacy Daily routine established Mr. President Two Terms Limit Not law until 1951 Military Service Symbol of leadership

  7. The First American Party System Federalist Party John Adams Strong Federal Government Friendship with Britain Opposition to French Revolution Members Merchants Property Owners Urban Workers Democratic Republican Party Thomas Jefferson Opposition to Federalists Limited Federal Power Sympathetic to French Revolution Hostile to Britain Members Southern Planters Northern Farmers

  8. 1796 Election • John Adams • 71 Electoral Votes • Thomas Jefferson • 68 Electoral Votes *No Vice Presidential Candidates

  9. The Adams Presidency USS Constellation • The Quasi-War • Undeclared War • 1798-1800 • Fought almost entirely at sea • USA & France • Background • American Revolution • Alliance & Connection • France betrayed in their Revolution • Began Seizing American Ships • Mostly Caribbean USS Constellation and the Insurgente

  10. The Adams Presidency X, Y, Z Affair Jay’s Treaty Undercut French Revolution Freed Britain to support French Monarchy French Response 300 American Vessels Cargoes confiscated-$20 Million An American Delegation Charles Pinckney John Marshall Elbridge Gerry The Bribe Tribute to speak to Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord Adam’s Response Pinckney =X Marshall =Y Gerry =Z “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!”

  11. The Adams Presidency Alien & Sedition Acts The Acts Naturalization Act 5 years to 14 years Citizenship Alien Act & Alien Enemies Act Imprisonment & deportation of Aliens in wartime Sedition Act Writing, Publishing, or Speaking against the government Fines & Imprisonment Reason Democratic Republicans Rise Immigrants were increasingly aligning with Jefferson The Virginia & Kentucky Resolves Penned by Madison & Jefferson State v. Federal Authority Nullify “unconstitutional” laws Judicial Review not defined power Marbury v. Madison

  12. The Adams Presidency The Revolution of 1800 The Scheme Run 2 candidates Secure VP The Federalists John Adams-65 Charles Pinckney-64 Democratic Republicans Thomas Jefferson-73 Aaron Burr-73 The House of Representatives Settles Election disputes Alexander Hamilton Detested Burr

  13. Republican Agrarianism Clearly Defined Political Philosophy Three Presidents Thomas Jefferson (1801-09) James Madison (1809-17) James Monroe (1817-25 True Republicanism Industrialization Feared extremes in wealth Too European Problem with Europe No room to grow Rooted in Agrarian Society Nation of Small Farms Subsistence Farmers Weather Cycles Kept man close to God The Virginia Dynasty

  14. The Midnight Judges The Judiciary Act of 1801 President John Adams Political Ploy Fill Government with Federalists Holding down the Fort The Act Itself 16 New Judgeships 6 New Circuit Courts The Midnight Judges Image of John Adams signing appointments Midnight on last day in office Chief Justice John Marshall Former Sec. Of State A Midnight Judge Failed responsibility Sec. Of State to deliver Appointments James Madison Jefferson’s Sec. Of State Marbury v. Madison The Decision Jefferson Victory Paper not needed Jefferson Defeat Judicial Review a Court Matter

  15. The Louisiana Purchase Napoleon Bonaparte Seized control of France Conquering Europe & world Napoleonic Wars 1803-1815 Spanish Conquest Napoleon closed Mississippi to USA The Purchase James Monroe New Orleans Original intent Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord All of Louisiana $15 Million A Personal Dilemma Strict Constructionist Purchasing Power Not Mentioned Manifest Destiny Lewis & Clarke Expedition Zebulon Pike Sacagawea

  16. Sacagawea • Sacagawea • Shoshone woman who accompanied the Lewis and Clark Expedition, acting as an interpreter and guide, in their exploration of the Western United States • Expedition • Helped Lewis and Clark wind a waterway to the Western United States • Death • Died on September 20th, 1812 • Died at only age 24

  17. The Duel Aaron Burr Still Vice President Jefferson Hated 1804 Election Jefferson Dropping Burr Burr running for Governor of New York Alexander Hamilton attacks Burr in papers The Duel Burr Challenges Takes place in New Jersey Heights of Weehawken “This is a mortal wound, Doctor”-A. Hamilton Pendleton & Van Ness Joint Statement Code Duello Two Shots fired The Aftermath Murder in the 1st degree New York & New Jersey Acquitted

  18. The Non-Importation & Embargo Act The Napoleonic Wars British Blockade of Europe American Neutrality Rights Ships searched & cargo seized Jefferson Maintains Neutrality “peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations”-1801 Inaugural Address 1803-1812 6,000 American citizens-forced imprisonment The Non-Importation Act-1806 Boycott of British Goods Worked in Revolution The Embargo Act-1807 Anchored All American Ships Forbade them from sailing to any foreign port Cutting off ALL imports & exports An Economic Disaster Exports fell $108 - 22 Million (1808)

  19. The Election of 1808 Democratic Republicans James Madison Jefferson’s Protégé The Federalists Charles Pinckney The Results Pinckney -47 Madison-122

  20. War of 1812 The Chesapeake-Leopard Affair U.S.S. Chesapeake Commodore James Barron Norfolk, Virginia H.M.S. Leopard Salisbury Pryce Humphreys The Incident Humphreys requested to search The Chesapeake Barron Refused Humphreys opened fire Killing 3 Injuring 18-including Barron The Non-Intercourse Act-1809 Embargo Act-1807 Destroying U.S. economy The Act Itself Opens trade with all countries EXCEPT Britain France Macon’s Bill #2-1810 Lifted Embargo on Britain & France neutrality rights Reaction Napoleon Approves Britain Ignores

  21. War of 1812 Tecumseh’s War Indian Intercourse Act-1790 Acquire Indian land by Treaty only Conflicted with westward expansion Settlers who were attacked protected by U.S. Tecumseh’s Alliance (1809-1811) Effort to stop white infringement in Northwest Believed Aided by Canada Tenskwatawa-The Prophet Tecumseh’s Brother Preached return to tradition Rejected White clothing, alcohol, & trading Tecumseh William Henry Harrison Hero of Tippecanoe Tenskwatawa

  22. War of 1812 War Hawks Politicians who Want War Henry Clay (KY) John C. Calhoun (SC) Led movement for War Madison Forced to declare war Unaware that Trade Embargo was working England about to adopt more conciliatory policy The Vote for War House-79 to 49 Senate-19 to 13 All Federalists voted AGAINST the war The Hartford Convention Talk of secession The United States of New England Aaron Burr To be 1st president

  23. The Star Spangled Banner 1 of 2 surviving Broadsides • Defense of Fort McHenry • 1814-Francis Scott Key • Battle of Baltimore • Set to tune of British drinking song • John Stafford • Anacreontic Society • March 3, 1931 • Made national anthem • Other Anthems • My Country,’Tis of Thee • Hail, Columbia Copy of original manuscript

  24. War of 1812 The Treaty of Ghent John Q. Adams Son of John Adams Headed council Status qou Ante Bellum Relations prior to conflict Last armed conflict with Britain Signed Christmas Eve, 1814

  25. The Battle of New Orleans http://www.veoh.com/browse/videos/category/animation/watch/v1557916zyx7f8Kh#

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