1 / 29

Nutrition & Cultivation of Prokaryotes

Nutrition & Cultivation of Prokaryotes. Hugh B. Fackrell Filename: nutrient.ppt. Presentation Outline. Essential Minerals Essential Nutritional Elements Energy Sources phototrophs vs chemotrophs Carbon Sources autotrophs vs heterotrophs Vitamins Culture Media. Essential Metal Ions.

juliaa
Download Presentation

Nutrition & Cultivation of Prokaryotes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Nutrition & Cultivation of Prokaryotes Hugh B. Fackrell Filename: nutrient.ppt

  2. Presentation Outline • Essential Minerals • Essential Nutritional Elements • Energy Sources • phototrophs vs chemotrophs • Carbon Sources • autotrophs vs heterotrophs • Vitamins • Culture Media

  3. Essential Metal Ions ++ • Mg • Fe • K • Mn • Zn • Cu • Co • Ca ++ + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++

  4. Functions of Metal Ions • Chlorophyll: magnesium • Cytochromes: iron • electron transport systems • Enzyme activators • many different metals

  5. Nutritionally Essential Elements • C carbon • H hydrogen • O oxygen • N nitrogen • P phosphorus • PO of HPO • S sulfur _ _ _ 3 4

  6. Nutrients • Used to produce new energy • Used as building blocks for cellular material

  7. Carbon Sources • Autotroph • also called lithotroph • use inorganic carbon • carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, carbonate • Heterotroph • also called organotrophs • use organic carbon • carbohydrates, amino acids, orgainc acids etc

  8. Energy Sources • Phototroph • energy from light • Chemotroph • energy from chemical oxidation Oxidation release of electrons which are “captured” and used for energy

  9. Energy + Carbon Source • Photo Auto troph • photolithotroph • Photo Hetero troph • photoorganotroph • Chemo Auto troph • chemolithotroph • Chemo Hetero troph • Chemoorganotroph

  10. Oxidation • Inorganic • Hydrogen sulfide >>> sulfate • (H S >>> SO ) • Organic • Glucose >>> CO + H 0 • Acetic acid >>> _ _ 2 4 2 2

  11. Electron Transport Systems • Proteins found in the membrane • “Capture” the electrons in electron acceptors + - 2H + 2 e + 1/2 0 = H O 2 2

  12. Food Sources for Essential Elements • Hydrogen • water, hydrogen gas • Oxygen • inorganic salts or organic molecules • Nitrogen • N , NO , NO , NH , NH • Sulfur • SO , HSO , S , SH (in organic compounds) 2 2 3 3 4 _ _ _ 3 4

  13. Protein digests contain polypeptides and amino acids Digests excellent natural sources of CHONPS

  14. Vitamins • Essential organic growth factors which microbe CANNOT synthesize • e.g. Water soluble B vitamins • Thiamine, B1 • Riboflavin, B2 • Niacin (nicotinic acid) • Pyridoxine, B6 • Cyanocobolamine, B12 • Pantothenic acid, biotin, folic acid

  15. MicrobesDO NOT useFATSOLUBLE VITAMINS !!!

  16. Many microbes synthesize their own vitamins Therefore many do not require vitamin supplements

  17. Function of Vitamins • Co enzymes • co factors for enzymes • Prosthetic groups

  18. Saprophytes • free living, simple nutritional needs • ammonia, phosphate, sulphate, metals • Autotrophs, carbon dioxide • Heterotrophs :glucose

  19. Commensals/ Parasites/Predators • Complex nutritional needs • Glucose • Amino acids • Sulfate or SH • phosphate, • trace metals • B vitamins • Special nutrients Blood serum live bacteria alga • Biopolymers

  20. Common Organic Nutrients • Amino Acids • Carbohydrates • Monosaccharides • Disaccharides • Lipids • Fatty acids + glycerol • Nucleotides • Pentose sugar + phosphate

  21. Common Organic Polymers • Proteins (MW 10,000-1,000,000] • polymers of amino acids • enzymes, structural components • Nucleic acids • polymers of nucleotides • information storage & retrieval • Polysaccharides( 10,000- 1,000,000,000,000] • polymers of monosaccharides • structural, energy reserves

  22. Compound Macromolecules • Glycoproteins • Lipoproteins • Lipopolysaccharides • Nucleoproteins • aggregates • chromatin DNA + proteins • Glucoslyated nucleic acids

  23. Types of Culture Media • Undefined • Chemically defined • Complex • Anaerobic growth • Special purpose • selective (enrichment) • differential

  24. Undefined Medium • General purpose • Nutrient Broth • protein digest • e.g. tryrpticase soy =>trypsin digested soybean proteins • amino acids, peptides ammonium sulfate, salt, phosphate buffer pH 7.4 • Nutrient Agar • 0.5-1.5% agar (seaweed polysaccharide] • melting point

  25. Chemically Defined Medium • Known pure reagents • organic or inorganic • Exact duplication of experiments • biochemistry • enzymes • toxins • some vaccines

  26. “Complex” Medium • Broth or agar • Undefined + supplements • Nutrient + blood • Loeffler’s • Chocolate agar

  27. Anaerobic Growth Medium • Undefined media + “Reducing compounds” • Oxygen removed from the media • Thioglycolic acid • Cooked meat - SH groups

  28. Selective or Enrichment Media • Contains substances that inhibit many microbes and allow a limited number of species to grow • Easier to isolate microbes that may be few in number eg Salmonella & Shigella • Phenethyl alcohol agar inhibits growth of Gram negative • Desoxycholate Agar inhibits Gram positive • Lactose fermentors turn indicator red

  29. Differential Media • Supports growth of wide range of microbes • Emphasizes variable characteristics • Blood agar> hemolysis • “Sugars” • Carbohydrate + nutrient + pH indicator • Acid > base Purple> yellow = fermentation • DNAse agar

More Related