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Understanding the Rock Cycle: Types, Textures, and Classifications

Explore the fundamentals of the rock cycle and rock classifications. Discover what a rock is, the key textures and compositions that define igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Learn about the origin of rocks, from the formation of igneous rocks through magma to the processes that create sedimentary and metamorphic formations. Understand the importance of studying the rock cycle and how rocks contribute to our environment and human life. This challenge aims to reinforce your knowledge and spark curiosity about geology.

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Understanding the Rock Cycle: Types, Textures, and Classifications

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  1. Earth Science Daily Challenge, 12/3 What do you already know about the rock cycle and rock classification? (Everyone knows SOMETHING about it, so no “idk” today!)

  2. Earth Science Daily Challenge, 12/4 How can you tell whether a rock is igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic? What kind of textures and/or compositions are associated with each rock type?

  3. What is a ROCK? • A rock is a solid mixture of minerals and/or other materials. How are rocks classified? • Texture • Grain size, shape, and layering • Mineral Composition • What is the rock made of? • Origin • How did the rock form?

  4. SOME ROCK TEXTURES • Coarse grained • Grains are large enough to be seen by eye • Fine grained • Grains are small, need a microscope to see • Glassy • No grains, volcanic glass • Prophyritic • Few large grains in fine grained background • Rounded or Angular • Describes shape of grains • Foliated • Layering / banding in metamorphic rocks

  5. ROCK COMPOSITION • Iron-rich (mafic) • Dark colors – black, dark grey, blue-grey • Minerals like hornblende, biotite, olivine • Silica-rich (felsic) • Light colors – white, pink, tan • Minerals like quartz, feldspar, muscovite

  6. ROCK ORIGIN • Igneous • Cooling & crystallization of magma or lava • Interlocking crystals of igneous minerals • Sedimentary • Lithification of sediments or dissolved solids • Layers or masses of sedimentary minerals • Metamorphic • Heat & pressure recrystallize existing rocks • Metamorphic minerals, may be foliated or not

  7. Earth Science Daily Challenge, 12/8 Why do you think anyone would care about studying the rock cycle? In other words, why is the rock cycle important?

  8. IGNEOUS ROCKS • Igneous means “BORN OF FIRE” • Formed by crystallization of magma or lava • Often hard, durable, useful building stone • Classified by… • Composition (silica or iron rich = color) • Texture (grain size & arrangement) • Instrusive (magma cooled slowly) • Coarse grained • Extrusive (lava cooled quicky) • Fine grained, Glassy, or Porphyritic

  9. http://www.indiana.edu/~geol105/images/gaia_chapter_5/dike&sill.jpghttp://www.indiana.edu/~geol105/images/gaia_chapter_5/dike&sill.jpg IGNEOUS FORMATIONS

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