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Energy consumption associated with the production and distribution of jeans in the UK

Energy consumption associated with the production and distribution of jeans in the UK. Stephen Anderson University of Westminster. Objectives of the project. Energy study of jeans supply chain French and UK comparison Energy consumed in producing and supplying jeans

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Energy consumption associated with the production and distribution of jeans in the UK

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  1. Energy consumption associated with the production and distribution of jeans in the UK Stephen Anderson University of Westminster COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  2. Objectives of the project • Energy study of jeans supply chain • French and UK comparison • Energy consumed in producing and supplying jeans • CO2 emitted in producing and supplying jeans • INRETS and Westminster each carrying out data collection and energy calculation with common approach COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  3. Jean supply chain The production and distribution of jeans can be broken down into seven main operations: • Cotton farming • Spinning and dyeing • Fabric manufacture • Garment manufacture • Import of goods • Regional distribution • Retail outlet COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  4. Cotton Planting Crop care Harvesting Ginning Transport Spinning yarn Finishing Transport Weaving fabric Transport Dyeing Transport Sewing garment Transport Finishing Transport Transport Entry port Transport Distribution centre Transport Storage Transport Processes & transport in the production & distribution of jeans Cotton Cultivation Spinning and dyeing Fabric manufacture Garment manufacture Import of goods Retail outlet Transport Final consumer COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  5. Garment manufacturing Pattern cutting Transport Transport Sewing Transport Special finishing Transport Washing Processes are not necessarily carried out locally – transport might be required and could be long distance Final finishing COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  6. French and UK case studies • UK supply chain • Cotton from Turkey and USA • Denim made in turkey • Jeans made in Morocco • French supply chain • Cotton from Uzbekistan and India • Denim made in India • Jeans made in Bangladesh COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  7. Distribution of jeans – French case (1) Champs de coton Chennai-Inde Filature/Tissage Ahmedabad-Inde Confection/lavage Dhaka-Bangladesh Entrepôt sous douane (ICD)-Mise en container Chennai-Inde Port Chittagong-Bangladesh Port Singapore Port Le Havre-France COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  8. Distribution of jeans – French case (2) COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  9. Cotton Cultivation – USA and Turkey Cotton Planting Crop care Harvesting Ginning Transport 1 Spinning, Dyeing and Fabric manufacture - Turkey Spinning yarn Finishing Transport A Weaving fabric Dyeing Garment manufacture - Morocco UK Import of goods Transport 2 Making garment Finishing Transport 3 Storage UK Distribution Retail outlet Transport 6 RDCs Transport 5 NDC Transport 4 Transport activity in supply chain Transport 1 – Road & Sea Transport 2 – Road & Sea Transport 3 – Road, Sea or Rail Transport Final consumer Transport 4 – Road Transport 5 – Road Transport 6 – Road Distribution of jeans – UK cases COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  10. Distribution of jeans – French case (1) COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  11. Distribution of jeans – French case (2) COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  12. Distribution of jeans – UK cases Total distance using US cotton = 17,950 km Total distance using Turkish cotton = 7,605 km COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  13. Grammes of oil equivalent per pair of jeans (cotton from USA) COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  14. CO2 per pair of jeans (cotton from USA) COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  15. Grammes of oil equivalent per pair of jeans (cotton from Turkey) COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  16. CO2 per pair of jeans (cotton from Turkey) COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  17. Transport energy from field to shop COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  18. Transport energy from field to home COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  19. Transport from shop to home COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  20. Issues related to non-transport data • Energy data for: • Cotton production • Fabric production • Garment make-up • Other items used (zips, buttons, etc.) • Type of energy used in each activity • Generation and use of electricity in different countries (for CO2) COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  21. Issues related to transport data • Movement of product upstream of garment makeup more difficult to obtain (i.e. cotton fibre transport, denim transport) • Empty running and average lading factor • Vehicle energy use - not practical to obtain from companies • Final consumer transport – average distance travelled, quantity purchased (kgs), empty running COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

  22. Summary of results to date • Transport is not a major contributor to energy use or CO2 in a basic jeans supply chain • Most commercial transport energy used between jeans make-up and supply to domestic market • Consumer transport energy can be greater than total commercial transport energy • Logistics (transport & stockholding) accounts for about 25% of total supply chain energy use COST 355 – Namur 1-3 Dec 2004

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