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Native American Cultures of North America

Native American Cultures of North America. Prehistoric Native Americans. Terms and concepts Paleo Period Archaic Period Woodland Period Mississippian Period. Terms For Chapter 2. Prehistoric – the period of time before written history.

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Native American Cultures of North America

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  1. Native American Cultures of North America

  2. Prehistoric Native Americans • Terms and concepts • Paleo Period • Archaic Period • Woodland Period • Mississippian Period

  3. Terms For Chapter 2 • Prehistoric – the period of time before written history. • Culture – a way of life shared by people with similar arts, beliefs, and customs. • Effigy- ceremonial, religious • Nomadic-travel, no permanent settlement

  4. More terms… • Archaeologists – scientists who study artifacts. • Anthropologist – study the science of human beings through their physical characteristics, culture, and environment • Artifacts – objects from the past that contribute to our understanding of prehistoric cultures.

  5. Where did the Native Americans come from? • A land bridge once connected Asia with North America • The land bridge is where the Bering Strait is now

  6. Paleo-Indian Period • Lived approximately 10,000 years ago • Nomadic (moved a lot) hunters • Hunted big game: woolly mammoths, large bison, sloth, moose, and elk. • Animals used for food, clothing and tools • Shelter were huts-wood and animal hides • Used wooden sticks with spear points attached for spears. • Clovis Point – approximately 3 inches

  7. Archaic Indian Period • Lived around 8000 B.C. to 1000 B.C. • Possible first culture of Georgia • Developed improved techniques for fishing, gathering and hunting • Hunted deer and small mammals with atlatl • Made tools from stones, including the stone axe • Less mobile, cleared some land, lived in shelters • Made shell rings on Sapelo • Lived in bands of 25-50

  8. Woodland Indian Period • Lived from around 1000 B.C. to 800 A.D. • Developed agriculture/farming • Sunflowers, squash, and maize (type of corn) • Developed the bow and arrow • Built villages with protective walls • Made earth mounds (effigy mounds) like those at Rock Eagle and Kolomoki • Religious- priests • Tribes

  9. Mississippian Indian Period • 900-1650 AD • Etowah Mounds, tallest and Ocmulgee • Grew 2 crops from Mexico: corn (maize) and beans • 4 staples: squash, corn and beans (3 Sisters of Agriculture), also pumpkins • Civilizations, government, chiefdoms • Had towns with buildings by rivers • European explorers met them

  10. What are the features of a civilization? • Chiefdoms • Cities that are centers of trade • Specialized jobs for different people • Organized forms of government and religion • Advanced tools

  11. Why Did The Mississippians Die Off? • Diseases brought by the Europeans • Measles, chicken pox, tuberculosis • Warfare with Europeans over land

  12. Historic Native Americans • What does this mean??? • Prehistoric means before written history • Historic period occurs when the Native Americans have contact with Europeans • Events will be written, documentation of events

  13. Modern Native Americans of Georgia and Southeast • Creeks • Cherokee • Seminole • Timucuan

  14. Creek Confederacy • Largest group, southern GA, AL • Also known as the Muskogee • Lived in large family compounds • Matrilineal-power passed through female side • Chief: ruled the town/Elders: town council • Green Corn ceremony – giving thanks for the new crop • Guale –between Savannah and Altamaha • Tomochichi, Toonahowie (ever heard of them?)

  15. Cherokee • Second largest group • Mountain settlements • Similar to Creeks • Believed in keeping harmony and balance in the world • No chief or elders – council meetings were run democratically (vote) • Cherokee only went to war for revenge

  16. Timucuan • SE GA (Cumberland) and NE FL • Matrilineal • Tall (6ft), tattooed • Mocama-between Altamaha and St. Mary’s • Differentiated by language

  17. Seminole • Most in Florida, but a small number were in Southeast GA • Seminole means “free people” • Very similar to the Creek • Created from Creek, Cherokee, Timucuan tribes

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