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Metabolic Rate & Food Regulation in Body

Explore how the body's energy production, metabolic rate, and regulation of food intake work through different types of activities like chemical, mechanical, and electrical works. Learn about metabolic rate measurements, factors affecting it, and the regulation of food intake. Understand the impacts of various hormones, stimulation, and conditions on metabolic functions.

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Metabolic Rate & Food Regulation in Body

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  1. Body energy, Metabolic Rate, and Regulation of Food Intake

  2. Types of Work Chemical works: building of cellular components, secretions, etc. Mechanical works: muscle contractions, heart pumping, etc. Electrical works: nerve conduction, resting potential (by maintaining the activity of Na+/K+ pumps and other pumps).

  3. Respiratory Quotient (RQ)

  4. Metabolic Rate Measurements: -Direct Calorimetry - Indirect Calorimetry (O2 consumption) - Closed method - Opened method

  5. Spirometer (measurement of O2 consumption)

  6. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)measurement under basal conditions

  7. Basal Conditions - No eaten food for at least 12 hours. - Measurement after a night of restful sleep. - No exercise in the hour prior to the test. - Elimination of all factors that may cause excitement. - Comfortable temperature during measurement.

  8. Factors affecting metabolic rate - Exercise: increases - Daily activities - Age: - Sleep: - Climate: - Fever: - Malnutrition; - Specific dynamic action: - Effect of hormones: Thyroid hormones: Male sex hormones increase 10-15%. Growth hormones: Increase 15-20% - Effect of sympathetic stimulation: increases metabolic rate.

  9. Regulation of food intake

  10. Neutral Balance Food intake = Energy expenditure

  11. Positive balance Negative balance

  12. Neutral Balance Food intake = Energy expenditure

  13. Hypothalamic control of food intake Feeding center: lateral nuclei.. Satiety center: ventromedial nuclei Amygdala (destruction  psychic blindness. prefrontal cortex:

  14. Regulation of food intake Long term regulations Glucostatic theory of hunger and feeding regulation: Lipostatic theory: Leptin Aminostatic theory: Body temperature and its relation to food intake: thermoregulatory and feeding centers Psychosocial factors:

  15. Regulation of food intake Long term regulations Glucostatic theory of hunger and feeding regulation: Lipostatic theory: Leptin Aminostatic theory: Body temperature and its relation to food intake: thermoregulatory and feeding centers Psychosocial factors:

  16. Short term regulation of food intake These are rapid signals that affect feeding. Gastrointestinal filling: Hormonal factors: Suppression by oral receptors:

  17. Obesity Positive balance

  18. OBESITY Causes of obesity Neurogenic abnormalities: Genetic factors: Psychosocial factor: Childhood overnutrition: Other causes of obesity: Disorders of the endocrine system (hypothyroidism) and lack of physical exercise.

  19. Inanition Negative balance Causes: psychogenic (anorexia nervosa) or hypothalamic abnormalities

  20. Starvation and depletion of stores in the body

  21. GOOD LUCK E-mail: malessa@ju.edu.jo

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