Chapter 11 and 12 notes: The Civil War

1. Chapter 11 and 12 notes: The Civil War

2. Objective #1: Students will be able to explain the idea of states rights and how it contributed to conflict within the U.S. before the Civil War. • “States Rights” was an idea held by many people in the south before the war. • Basically means that the federal government shouldn’t be able to tell your state what to do. • Idea that the state is greater than the federal government.

3. The Slavery Issue…Not so much whether it should be allowed but whether it should be allowed to spread.

4. Missouri Compromise 1820

5. Objective #2 Explain how the slavery issue affected the addition of states to the Union.(344-49) • Every state that was added to the Union up to the Civil War brought the argument of slave state/free state. • Both sides want power in Congress. • Northern states want ________. Southern states want _______. • When one was added, so was another to balance. • This led to a series of compromises to try to settle the issue.

6. The Fugitive Slave Act (1850) and the Cheneysville Incident.

7. Objective 3: Explain why the Fugitive Slave Act angered Northerners. (351) • This allowed Southerners into the North to catch runaways. They saw how awful it was. How slaves were treated • Turned many Northerners into abolitionists. • This made the Underground Railroad necessary in the North. (local stations)

9. Objective #4: Why did the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin change the way many Northerners viewed slavery? (351-52) • Book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe • Showed how slavery broke up families. How cruel it was, beatings and overworking. • Turned more Northerners into abolitionists.

11. Objective #5: Explain how the Dred Scott Decision dehumanized slaves.(358) • Dred Scott was a slave who moved from a slave state to a free state. He sued for his freedom. • In 1856 the Supreme Court stated that… • Scott was not a citizen, therefore couldn’t bring suit in a U.S. court • Slaves have no rights and are in fact property. • Because of this the U.S. can’t restrict the expansion of slavery. • The decision further divides the nation and angers northerners

12. Result • UTC, The Fugitive Slave Act, and Dred Scott all began turning many Northerners against slavery. • The result was the creation of a new political party to deal with the issue.

13. James Buchanan John C. Fremont

14. Thomas Jefferson visited the Hotel in 1819 for several weeks to alleviate symptoms associated with acute rheumatism. He was not the only President to visit the Hotel. Ten presidents in total have made visits to the Bedford Springs. These include James K. Polk, who was the first to visit before he became President, Andrew Jackson, William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, Zachary Taylor, James Garfield, William Taft, Dwight Eisenhower, and Ronald Reagan and Pennsylvania’s own James Buchanan.

15. Objective #6: Analyze the goals of the Republican Party (356-57) • They formed out of a couple different parties. • #1 goal = oppose the expansion of slavery in new states. • Favored tariffs to help northern businesses. • In 1856 the Republicans ran John C. Fremont for president against Democrat James Buchanan. • Fremont loses but the party gains recognition.

16. “the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away; but with Blood.” The Last Words of John Brown… • 2 of Brown’s sons were killed in the raid

17. Objective #7: Explain what John Brown’s raid attempted to accomplish and describe people’s reactions to the raid depending on their view of the issue. (361) • Brown’s Plan – (1856) capture a federal arsenal in Harper’s Ferry Va and take the weapons. • Give these weapons to _______ to start a revolt. • Result – Brown captures the arsenal but is quickly surrounded and captured. • He and 6 others are later executed. • The raid further divided the nation. Northerners supported Brown and Southerners were terrified of slave revolts.

18. Find Harpers Ferry on Google Earth:

19. Lincoln’s voice

20. Mary Todd Lincoln had 4 brothers that fought for the Confederacy

21. Dear Sir My father has just home from the fair and brought home your picture and Mr. Hamlin's. I am a little girl only 11 years old, but want you should be President of the United States very much so I hope you wont think me very bold to write to such a great man as you are. Have you any little girls about as large as I am if so give them my love and tell her to write to me if you cannot answer this letter. I have got 4 brother's and part of them will vote for you any way and if you let your whiskers grow I will try and get the rest of them to vote for you you would look a great deal better for your face is so thin. All the ladies like whiskers and they would tease their husband's to vote for you and then you would be President. My father is going to vote for you and if I was a man I would vote for you to but I will try to get every one to vote for you that I can I think that rail fence around your picture makes it look very pretty I have got a little baby sister she is nine weeks old and is just as cunning as can be. When you direct your letter direct to Grace Bedell Westfield Chatauque County New York I must not write any more answer this letter right off. Good bye Grace Bedell

22. Lincoln’s acceptance speech at the Republican Convention: • “A house divided against itself cannot stand”

23. Objective # 8: Explain why the election of 1860 triggered secession (362-63) • Republicans nominate Abraham Lincoln to run. He wins the election without winning in a single southern state. • Many southern states see his victory as the first step towards abolition and 7 immediately secede. • The Confederate States of America are born. (Jefferson Davis) • Buchanan is still president at the time…he does nothing. • What is a Confederation?

25. White House of the Confederacy and the flag

26. Compare the Constitution of the Confederacy to that of the U.S. • The Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution states: • “ This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States …shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. (Emphasis added.) • The Confederate Constitution begins: • "We, the people of the Confederate States, each State acting in its sovereign and independent character..."

27. “I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.” …Abraham Lincoln: 1st Inaugural Address

28. Neat Website: High Resolution Obama Inaugural • http://gigapan.org/viewGigapan.php?id=15374

31. Objective #9: Analyze how the fall of Fort Sumter affected the relationship between the Union and the Confederacy. (369) • March 4th 1861 Lincoln becomes president • He calls it a “rebellion” and says it is illegal. He will use troops if necessary. • April 12th 1861 the war begins when Fort Sumter is fired on. • Lincoln begins raising an army for war. Because of this 4 more states join the Confederacy. • Northerners believe it will be a quick war.

33. As a class read Views of the Civil War on page 372

34. Objective #10: Compare the advantages of the North and South (371)

35. Objective #10: Compare the advantages of the North and South (371)

37. The Civil War is often considered the first modern war.

38. The Civil War is often considered the first modern war.

39. The Civil War is often considered the first modern war

40. C.S.S HunleyTorpedo rammed into ship and detonated by the sub backing away and tripping the wire.• It moved by the crew of 8 hand cranking it.• It sunk one ship and then sank itself.

41. Because of its large manufacturing center the Union was able to produce mass quantities of weapons.

42. Objective #11: What did the first battle of the Civil war prove to people in the North and South. (373-74) • Where? • When? • Outcome? • Importance?

43. Manassas Battlefield

46. Objective #11: What did the first battle of the Civil war prove to people in the North and South. (373-74) • 1st major battle was at Manassas VA on July 21, 1861. • Northerners thought it would be an easy victory…brought picnics. • Confederates win a surprise victory. • This proves it will be a long bloody war. Northerners are shocked. Southerners believe they can win the war. • “Stonewall Jackson”

47. Objective # 12: Compare and contrast the military strategy of the North and South (375-76):

48. Objective # 12: Compare and contrast the military strategy of the North and South (375-76):