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COSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTS

COSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTS. CONSTRUCTION SAFETY.

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COSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTS

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  1. COSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTS

  2. CONSTRUCTIONSAFETY Construction is the most dangerous land based work sector. The problem is not that the hazards and risks are unknown, it is that they are very difficult to control in a constantly changing work environment. So, in every year, many people fall victim to injury, harm and even death through accidents on constructionsites.

  3. CONSTRUCTIONSAFETY The most common cause of fatalities to workers in the construction sector over the past nine yearswere fallsfrom heights(49.6%) roofs(17.6%) ladders(12.0%) scaffolds(11.2%) openings or stairways (4.8%) and others(4.0%)

  4. IMPORTANCE • Life & property • Proper management of constructionworks • Safe the total constructioncost • Reduce workers compensationclaims • Improved employee morale & satisfaction • Increasedproductivity • Reduced insurancecost

  5. Safety Condition inINDIA The construction industry is considered as one of the most hazardous industrial sectors wherein the construction workers are more prone toaccidents. In developed countries such as United Kingdom and United States of America, there is strict legal enforcement of safety in the construction industry and also in the implementation of safety management systems which are designed to minimizeor eliminate accidents atwork places. However, occupational safety in constructionindustryisverypoorin developing countries such asIndia.

  6. SAFETYMEASURES • Safety measures in differenttypes of civil engineering construction are followed: • Safety measures in– • Buildingconstruction • Bridgeconstruction • Roadconstruction

  7. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION • Preventivemeasures: • Employersshould: • Have Site Safety Plans addressing potential hazards which could lead to injury ordeath. • Ensure that roof openings are not left unprotected, unguarded, oruncovered. • Equip all workers on the roof with fall protection. A retractable lanyard would allow the helper to do his job and still have fallprotection. • Require that all hazards on the site be communicated on an ongoing basis to all workers in thearea

  8. BRIDGECONSTRUCTION • The system designs should beflexible. • Theplatformissupportedoncables fastened in equalintervals • Platform installation, redeployment and removal proceed quickly with minimal trafficdisruption. • Side tarps should be create a fullenclosure

  9. ROADCONSTRUCTION • Using sign, signals & roadmarkings • Maintaining trafficspeed • Railing should be provided in hillyroads • Removed disturbedvehicles • Constructionmaterialsshouldhave betterquality • Overloadingvehiclesshouldnot be permitted on theroad • Superelevation,gradient&curvature should bemaintained

  10. Root Causes for Construction Accidents • Inadequate construction planning &scheduling • Lack of propertraining • Deficient enforcement oftraining • Unsafeequipment • Unsafe methods orsequencing • Unsafe siteconditions • Not using safety equipment that wasprovided

  11. Root Causes for Construction Accidents • Poorcommunication • Lack of ineffectivesupervision • Absenceofsafetyrulesand safework procedure • Lack of enforcement of safety rules and safe workprocedure. • Defective machinery onsite • Fallingstructureorloads,defective scaffolding, forkliftsetc.

  12. Constructionaccidents • Scaffoldingaccidents • Weldingaccidents • Trench accidents • Toxic gasattack

  13. Constructionaccidents • ElevatorAccidents • StructureFailure • Building Collapse • SupervisorNegligence • Fork LiftAccidents • DumpsterAccidents • CompressorAccidents • ExplodingCompressor • GasExplosions

  14. ScaffoldingAccidents Workers may die or be injured if scaffold equipment and fall protection systems or misused aredefective.

  15. Hazard associated with Scaffolding People falling from the workingplatforms People below the working platform being struck by material falling or being thrown fromit. The scaffold or part of it collapsing and throwing people from the working platform The collapse scaffold causing damage the adjacentproperty.

  16. ScaffoldingAccidents • Causes • Negligence on the part of theimproper construction or maintenance. • Low capacity of the side brackets • Loose bonding ofscaffolding. • Weak scaffoldingmaterial.

  17. ScaffoldingAccidents Prevention • Scaffold must be sound, rigid • Scaffold must be equipped with guardrails, mid rails and toeboards • Scaffold must not be erected, moved oraltered except under the a supervision of competentperson.

  18. Theproposedregulations requirements for allscaffolds provide general • Use of a competent person to inspect scaffolds and equipment beforeuse • Use of scaffold components capable of supporting properloads • Proper shielding of ropes from corrosive processes orheat • Use of both guardrail systems and body belt or harness systems for work from suspensionscaffolds

  19. WeldingAccidents Welding can be a very dangerous job, and is often the cause of accidentson construction sites . The hazards of welding are many and can be veryserious. This is especially true when you think about the more than 500,000 workers that are injured annually from welding, cutting and braising. The risk of fatal injury is more than four deaths per thousand over a workinglifetime.

  20. Weldingaccidents • Causes • The ultra violet rays emitted by the welding process can give a very bad burn to not only exposed skin, but also to the lens of theeye. • UV rays in welding can cause eye injury what is called “arc eye”. • Excessive heat can burnskins. • Excessivenoise • Fire and excessiveheat • Electrical shock • Ultraviolet (UV)radiation

  21. Weldingaccidents Prevention • Using a welder’s mask properly can eliminate this types ofaccidents. • Wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as aprons, gloves, leggings, andfootwear. • A trained fire watch must be posted to look for fires during and after the weldingjob. • Combustible and flammable materials must be cleared from the weldingarea.

  22. Welding accidentssafety 26

  23. Trenchaccidents • Every accident that occurs on a construction site can be horrific, but trench accidents seem to be the worst ofall. • Causes • A machine working too near the edge of the supportwall. • A recent hard rain it could shift the gravel and end upcollapsing. • Improper shoring that can cause a cavein.

  24. Trenchaccidents

  25. Trencha.ccidents • Solutions • Never enter an unprotectedtrench. • Always use a protective system for trenches feet deep orgreater. • Employ a registered professional engineer to design a protective system for trenches 20 feet deep or greater. • Keep spoils at least two feet back from the edge of atrench

  26. Trenchaccidents • Solutions • Keep heavy machines far from edge of supportingwall. • If there is a heavy rain, one should protect the edge with some sort of sheet. • Construction site should be the engineer daily examined by before starting of day’swork.

  27. Trencha.ccidents

  28. TrenchAccident Wrong Right

  29. FaceShields • Full faceprotection • Protects face from dusts and splashes or sprays of hazardousliquids • Does not protect from impacthazards • Wear safety glasses or gogglesunderneath

  30. Toxic gasattack • Causes • Presence of carbon monoxide intanks. • Leakage of methane fromcylinder. • Presence of excessive carbon di oxide in air in a undergroundbasement.

  31. Toxic gasattack Prevention • By using the gas mask the inhalation can beprevent. • By lighting a candle in the place the presence of these gases can betraced. • A free circulation of air should be done before working at theplace.

  32. ConstructionInjuries Every year, many people fall even on are victim to injury, harm and death through accidents construction sites. These sites rife with danger, but most sites follow strict health and safety rules to ensure that these dangers are not a threat to the workers on thesite.

  33. ConstructionInjuries Construction injuries vary greatly based on the type of work being performed and the circumstances surrounding the environment and the individual that is affected. Although many construction injuries are minor, serious consequences must not be overlooked. Traumatic injuries and even death may result from the negligence of coworkers or the failure to follow established safetyprocedures.

  34. Types of ConstructionInjuries • Loss ofLimb • InfectedWounds • Dislocations • Broken/FracturedBones • BlindingInjuries • Hearing Loss

  35. Workplacesafety Management leadership and commitment Employeeengagement Accountability Safety programs, policies, andplans Safety processes, procedures, and practices Safety education andtraining Hazadidentification

  36. “QUALITY IS NOT AN ACCIDENT; BUT IT ISTHE RESULT OFINTELLIGENT EFFORTS”

  37. WHAT ISQUALITY?  “Quality is fitness for use.” • “The totality of features and characteristics of a productorservicethatbearonitsabilitytosatisfya givenneed.” • “Quality involves meeting customers need, preferences and exceedingit.” • “Quality also encompasses people, process and environment.”

  38. WHY QUALITYCONTROL?  Manufacturing process is a repetitive process depending on both controllable and non- controllablefactors. • This produces deviation in the quality of the product. • QC is the process of verification , or correction of the quality of the product when deviations are found to be more thanexpected.

  39. QUALITYCONTROLASPERISO: • “The operational techniques and activities that are used to satisfy qualityrequirements.” • The quality control system verifies and maintains desired level of quality in an existing product or service by careful planning, use of proper equipments and continued inspection and corrective action asrequired.

  40. WHAT ISQCINSPECTION  The ISO standard defines inspection as “activity of measuring, examining, testing one or more characteristics of a product or service and comparingtheresults with specifiedrequirements in order to establish whether conformityis achieved for eachcharacteristic.”

  41. QC AND INSPECTION INSPECTION LOOP IDENTIFICATION OFDEFECTS CORRECTION OFDEFECT QUALITY FEEDBACK OF THIS DEFECT TO APPROPRIATE PERSON DETERMINATION OF CAUSE OF DEFECT

  42. QC THROUGHOUTPRODUCTION SYSTEM OUTPUTS INPUTS CONVERSION PRODUCTAND SERVICES RAW MATERIAL,PARTS ANDSUPPLIES PROCUCTION PROCESSESS CONTROL CHARTS AND ACCEPTANCE PLANS CONTROL CHARTS CONTROL CHARTSAND ACCEPTANCE PLANS QUALITYOF INPUTS QUALITYOF PARTIALLY PROCESSED PRODUCTS QUALITYOF OUTPUTS

  43. PRE-PRODUCTIONQC INSPECTION • The safety and efficacy of the finished dosage form is largely dependent on the purity and quality ofthe bulk active drugsubstance. • Physical tests such as particle size for raw materials flow properties etc. are essential tests to assure consistent operation of the production and control system and to assure quality andefficacy

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