Behavior Analysis

1. Behavior Analysis How to identify critical behaviors

2. Understanding Behaviors • It is important to understand behaviors, and what influences them in order to successfully identify the at risk behaviors on your site. • The most widely used tool to find influencers and controls of behaviors is the A-B-C Analysis. (Antecedent, Behavior & Consequences)

3. Understanding Behaviors Scenario A delivery driver over speeds, to deliver materials ahead of schedule to receive the incentive, and has an accident. He is given a warning letter shortly after. Here is an example scenario to better understand the ABC analysis: • In this scenario the consequence was a negative one, the driver had an accident and he received a warning letter. • Consequences can make a person expose himself to injury or choose to protect themselves from injury. Consequences can sometimes encourage at risk behavior, such as in this scenario where making a delivery ahead of schedule was incentivized.

4. Understanding Behaviors • Consequences can be both positive to the individual or negative, if an individual finds the consequences to be positive, he will likely do it again. • Let us use the same scenario, and change the consequence to a positive one. • In this scenario the consequence was positive to the individual, he broke the rules yet he was not caught and he received his incentive. • At his next delivery he will likely over speed again. Scenario A delivery driver over speeds, to deliver materials ahead of schedule to receive the incentive. He meets the target and is awarded a bonus.

5. Understanding Behaviors • These scenarios are common, as many companies incentives the wrong behaviors unintentionally. • Any behavior that gives a positive outcome reinforces the behavior, meaning it encourages the individual to repeat the behavior. Here is a similar scenario that has a positive outcome, that reinforces safe behavior. Is this driver likely to continue to drive safely after being recognized for his safe behavior? YES! Scenario A delivery driver’s IVMS results indicate that he complies with the driving safety rules consistently, and achieves all his deliveries.

6. Identifying Critical Behaviors • ICB allows you to focus on the behaviors that account for majority of injuries on your site or office, thus incorporating the Pareto Principle also known as the 80/20 rule. • The 80/20 rule is the idea that by focusing on 20% of the most critical behaviors that cause your injuries, you will eliminate 80% of your injuries. These are the steps to identify the critical behaviors: • Analyze injury reports. • Categorize the behaviors under common variables. • Identify the behaviors that led to the injury. • Prioritize the behaviors. • Defining behaviors. • Now that you have an understanding for the ABC analysis, we can move on to identifying the critical behaviors on your site or office.

7. Identifying Critical Behaviors • Analyze injury reports • Should your company have different disciplines (maintenance, construction, drilling etc), you will need to analyze the reports for each discipline separately. • Analyze injury reports of the last two years, as conditions may have changed over several years and the information may no longer be valid. • Do not go through thousands of injury reports as this will be a lengthy process, instead analyze approximately 50-100 incidents if you have a staff rate of 1000 or less, analyze 100-200 injury reports for a staff rate of 1000 and more. Once you are able to identify a trend in behaviors, it is likely that that trend will remain if you continue to analyze more injuries.

8. Identifying Critical Behaviors

9. Identifying Critical Behaviors Identify the behaviors that led to the injury When analyzing, it is crucial to extract the behavior that was the root cause to the injury. For example ‘injured person did not wear eye protection while handling the chemical’, ‘Injured person did not isolate the electricity before starting the maintenance work’. In some cases injuries occur because of someone else's behavior, e.g. ‘ Salim tripped on a spanner and fell while walking down stairs’. List down what could have been done to prevent the injury from occurring next to each injury you analyze. This will help you when defining the behaviors. E.g. ‘ hold hand rail when walking down stairs’

10. Identifying Critical Behaviors • Prioritizing Behaviors • Now that you have restructured the behaviors and have listed each one under its relevant category we need to prioritize the behaviors, so we may choose the most critical to go onto the observation cards. • You can do this using the Pareto Analysis (template provided). • Defining Behaviors • Now that we know the behavior that caused the injury, as well as the behavior that could have prevented the injury we can rewrite the types of behaviors we want to see. • Commonly on observation cards only the category is provided, e.g. line of fire, PPE, housekeeping. These are very generic and do not tell the observers where they need to focus. • It is important to list the actual behaviors that will prevent an injury. • It is important that the behavior is observable, specific and related to the cause of injuries. Here are some examples on how to define a behavior

11. The Observation Card • The observation card is a guide for the observers, the critical behaviors that you defined in the last step will be listed on the observation card. It reminds the observer what to look for, and allows the observer to focus on the specific behaviors you want to change. • The observation card also serves as a record for what was observed, if it cannot be input onto the database immediately.