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The French and Indian War: Struggle for Dominance Between Britain and France

The French and Indian War (1754-1763) marked the climax of British and French rivalry in North America, as both nations attempted to dominate global trade and territory. Initiated by skirmishes over land claims, notable battles featured figures like young George Washington and General Braddock. With the Treaty of Paris in 1763, Britain secured vast territories but faced rising tensions with colonists over issues like taxation and land settlement. The repercussions of the war set the stage for future conflicts and the American Revolution.

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The French and Indian War: Struggle for Dominance Between Britain and France

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  1. The French andIndian War

  2. British / French Rivalry • Britain, France (& Spain) fought to be world’s strongest empire • Mercantilist economics • Wars of conquest

  3. British / French Rivalry • King William’s War (1689-1697) • Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713) • King George's War (1743-1748) • Both sides used natives • Treaties traded lands several times

  4. Great Expulsion • King William’s War (1689-1697) • Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713) • King George's War (1743-1748) • Both sides used natives • Treaties traded lands several times

  5. Great Expulsion • Brits took E Canada (1755) • French called it Acadie • Expelled French settlers • Many moved to LA • Acadians  Cajuns

  6. French Colonies in America • French claimed Mississippi River and all tributaries • British expansion to Ohio River • Territory skirmishes

  7. The 1st battle – 1754 • French Ft. Duquesne on land VA had claimed • VA sent troops to defend claims • 22 y/o Col. George Washington • They fought, French won

  8. The 2nd battle – 1755 • Brit Gen Braddock attacked Ft. Duquesne • French & Natives ambushed, British ran away, Braddock KIA

  9. Fighting methods • Natives & French: • Guerilla fighting • British trouble • Difference from Europe

  10. Albany Plan of Union • Benjamin Franklin • Northern 7 colonies • Unified colonial “grand council”

  11. Albany Plan of Union • Rejected by colonies • Rejected by British

  12. Albany Plan of Union • Franklin – colonial cooperation • Encouraged by British • 7 colonies • One • Recruiting troops, taxing for war

  13. William Pitt • New UK PM • Strong leader • Brits captured: • Ft. Duquesne • Nova Scotia • Quebec • Montreal • Drove out French

  14. Treaty of Paris 1763 • GB got from France & Spain: • Canada • All land E of Mississippi R • Florida

  15. Treaty of Paris 1763 • GB: religious freedom for Canadian Catholics • Stop possible revolts • Angered anti-Cat colonists

  16. Pontiac’s Rebellion • Brits went W, no gifts for native land • Ohio Valley tribes – Pontiac leader • Defeated by Brit regulars / not colonies

  17. Proclamation of 1763 • Avoid further battles with natives • Settlement west of Appalachians banned • Colonists denied spoils of war

  18. Postwar perceptions - Brits • Naval superiority & power in N Am • Colonists can’t defend themselves • Must station troops permanently • Too costly – colonies should pay

  19. Postwar perceptions - Colonies • Proud of success • Result of colonial contributions • Brit regulars can’t fight in frontier

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