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MLA Style—Part II

MLA Style—Part II. In-Text Citations. In-Text Citations—The Basics. Insert a parenthetical reference (a reference in a parenthesis) whenever you cite a fact or give a quotation or paraphrase. The parenthetical citation should refer clearly to a source on your Works Cited page.

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MLA Style—Part II

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  1. MLA Style—Part II In-Text Citations

  2. In-Text Citations—The Basics • Insert a parenthetical reference (a reference in a parenthesis) whenever you cite a fact or give a quotation or paraphrase. • The parenthetical citation should refer clearly to a source on your Works Cited page. • The basic form for internal citations is author and page number, such as (Smith 245). • The period goes after the final parenthesis.

  3. In-Text Citations—Special Situations • Omit the author’s name if you give it in your text. • Use the full title or a shortened form of the title if there is no author OR if you have multiple sources by the same author and there could be confusion. • Omit the page number if there are no page numbers. Give only the author’s name or a shortened title. • Give the paragraph number if the source is organized by paragraphs.

  4. Good Practice Include information such as the author and title in your text so that you don’t need to put this information in the parenthesis.

  5. Examples • In The Demon-Haunted World, Carl Sagan claims that the public embraces pseudoscience “in exact proportion as real science is misunderstood” (15). • One of President Obama’s campaign advisors recently called on Mitt Romney to release the same kind of tax records that Romney’s father and other candidates have traditionally released (Bush par. 8). • While most people find it nearly impossible to tickle themselves, schizophrenics can because their condition makes it difficult to perceive timing accurately (Eagleman 50).

  6. Example—Citing by Title A recent pamphlet of information on the CLEP test for Spanish states that there are over 1700 CLEP test centers and 2900 universities participating in the testing program (CLEP: Advance With Spanish). On the Works Cited page: CLEP: Advance With Spanish. College Board, 2010. Print.

  7. Other Special Situations • Insert “qtd. in” when you offer an indirect quotation--a quotation of another writer/speaker who is quoted in a source. For example: (qtd. in Jones 247). • When first quoting poetry, use “line” or “lines” to indicate that you are quoting a line or lines of poetry. For example: In the poem, Whitman describes death as a “low and delicious word” (line 168). • After the first use of “line” or “lines,” the line number(s) alone will suffice IF you are certain that your reader would understand the meaning of the number. • For plays, give Act, Scene, and Line if available, especially for Shakespeare. For example: (Ham. 1.5.33-37) = lines 33-37 from Act I, Scene V of Hamlet.

  8. Remember this… It’s much rarer to be penalized for citing too little than for citing too often.

  9. Questions? Writing Center Prince 209 (843) 349-2937

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