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Post-9/11 U.S. Strategy Evolution: Challenges and Continuities

Explore the shifts in U.S. strategy post-9/11, from traditional threats to emerging non-state actors. Dive into the impact of globalization, innovations in defense, and the evolving landscape of global security. Analyze how the U.S. approach towards hegemony, power projection, and democracy promotion has adapted over the years.

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Post-9/11 U.S. Strategy Evolution: Challenges and Continuities

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  1. 3. Post-9/11 US Strategy • How much has changed? • How much has stayed the same?

  2. Then Everything ChangedOr Did It?

  3. Pentagon

  4. Traditional Threats • Nation-state rivalries • Hegemon vs. Rising Challenger VS.

  5. New Threats Emerge • Non-state Actors • Ideology • Disruption • Global Insurgency • Loosely connected networks • From AQAM to transnational organized crime

  6. AQAM Power Projection2003-2011

  7. Why Non-State Actors have Power Globalization • Ease of travel • Ease of global finance • Communications revolution States • Ability to communicate lose their globally monopoly • Information revolution on • Ability to share large influence amounts of information with and anyone, anywhere, anytime violence • Global spread of technology

  8. GW Bush National Security Strategy Maintain Core Strategy • Nuclear Deterrence and missile defense • Forward Presence • Peacetime Military Strength • Own the sea • NATO and other alliances • Free Trade and Commerce • Spread Democracy**

  9. Innovations? • Deter peer competitors • Deal with regional powers seeking WMD • Fight Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) or “The Long War” • Spread Democracy

  10. 1. Deter Peer Competitors

  11. Seapower • Forward Presence • Power Projection • “1-4-2-1” Capability

  12. 2. Deal with regional powers seeking WMD “Axis of Evil” • Isolation • sanctions • Preemption • Regime change

  13. 3. Fight Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) or “The Long War”

  14. 4. Spread Democracy • Neoconservatism • Stability Operations • COIN • US Army FM 3-24 Counterinsurgency, 2006 • US State Department Counterinsurgency Manual

  15. US Domiance:Global Military Spending SIPRI data http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex/factsheet2010

  16. Building World Order • On global scale • Regionally: Regime Change and Democracy Building • Afghanistan • Iraq • Street by street Limits to this strategy?

  17. Clear Limits

  18. Obama Strategy Maintain Core Strategy • Nuclear Deterrence and missile defense • Forward Presence • Peacetime Military Strength • Own the sea • NATO and other alliances • Free Trade and Commerce • Spread Democracy**

  19. Innovations? 1. Recognition of new international order • Interdependence • Globalization • Rise of new powers

  20. 2. US still wants to shape international order Power projection (US and UK Carriers)

  21. Preparing for A2AD Strategies • Anti-Access/Area-Denial strategies • China’s DF-21D

  22. 3. Focus on Non-state Actors AQAM Osama bin-Laden May 2011 AQAP Anwar al-Awlaki September 2011

  23. OUT IN (for training, joint exercises, or longer term deployments) Uganda Australia Djibouti Niger Indonesia… • Iraq • Afghanistan

  24. Drone Strikes (Yemen 2002-2012)

  25. 4. Defend Global Commons

  26. 5. Pivot to Asia Defense Guidance2012: • Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership Priorities for 21st Century Defense Clinton at East-West Center • “America's Engagement in the Asia-Pacific” text

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