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Discuss how social and environmental variables may affect cognitive development

Discuss how social and environmental variables may affect cognitive development. 6.1. What would you say thinking back at the previous learning outcome ?. Social Variables Socio- economic status ( family income and educational level ). Poverty ( one of the main factors )

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Discuss how social and environmental variables may affect cognitive development

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  1. Discusshow social and environmentalvariablesmayaffectcognitivedevelopment 6.1

  2. Whatwouldyousaythinking back at the previouslearningoutcome?

  3. Social VariablesSocio-economic status (familyincome and educationallevel) • Poverty (one of the mainfactors) • Poorfamilies:Krugmanarguesthatchildrenbornto the poorestparentshave an 50% risk of remaining in that position. • Why is that?

  4. Poverty • Link to: • Nutrition (starts already in the belly!) • Health problems • Homeenvironment • Parentingpractices • Poorneighbourhoods (highlevels of crime, unemployment) • education

  5. Research Socio-economicbackground • 1/3 of children from low-income communities are behind their peers when they enter kindergarten • In elementary school 50% of these children don’t meet the standard for reading proficiency (National Center for Children in Poverty 2002) • Wertheimer 2003 found that children from poor families were less likely to: Be identified as gifted, to participate in extracurricular activities and more likely to repeat a year in school. • Generally: they suffer in a number of ways! Worse academic performance, less likely to enter uni, more likely to become teen parents and unemployed.

  6. Pisa 2009 at a Glance Socio-economic background and reading performance The performance gap between students from different socio-economic backgrounds narrowed in nine countries between 2000 and 2009, most markedly in the Czech Republic and the partner countries Albania and Latvia. • The gap widened in five countries, most markedly in Korea, Sweden and the partner country Romania. • In the other 22 countries with comparable results in both PISA 2000 and 2009, the relationship between socio--economic background and reading performance was unchanged.

  7. Socio economicbackgrounds: • Farah et al. 2005 seestudy guide • Krugman 2008 book + study guide • Wahlstein 1997 (IQ, see p. 55-56) • Malnutrition: • Bhoomika et al. 2008 seestudy guide

  8. Summary • Cumulativeeffect of positive and negative factors (although not cause and effect)

  9. EnvironmentalVariables • Stimulatingenvironment • Schools (access) • Pollutedenvironment • Rosenzweig and Bennet 1972 • More info from 6.3 can be usedtoanswerthis LO as well

  10. Farah et al. 2008 • Aim: toinvestigate the relationshipbetweenenvironmental stimulation and parentalnurturanceon cognitivedevelopment • Procedure: longitudinal studyusing 110 AfricanAmericanchildren from middleschool M age: 11,8 yrs. Recruited at birth, thenevaluated at four and eight

  11. Procedure: • Usedinterviews, observations, cognitive tests (memory and language) Env. Stim: variety of experience, encouragement Parentalnurturing:warmth and affection, emotional and verbal responsivity

  12. Results: • Positive correlationbetweenenv. Stim and languagedevelopment. + correlationbetweenparentalnurturance and long-term memoryperformance Evaluation?

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