110 likes | 116 Views
An Era of Growth & Disunion 1825 to 1877. Expanding Markets & Moving West Chapter 9. Mitten – AMAZ History Semester One Sect. #1 – The Market Revolution. Expanding Markets Moving West 1825 to 1847. New technologies create links to new markets Economic opportunity and “manifest destiny”
E N D
An Era of Growth & Disunion1825 to 1877 Expanding Markets & Moving WestChapter 9 Mitten – AMAZ History Semester One Sect. #1 – The Market Revolution
Expanding MarketsMoving West1825 to 1847 • New technologies create links to new markets • Economic opportunity and “manifest destiny” • Americans head west • U.S. gains territory in a war with Mexico
The Market Revolution • U.S. Markets Expand • Early 1800’s farms self-sufficient • only buy what they cannot make • Mid-century farmers specialize – 1 or 2 cash crops • Market Revolution – people buy and sell goods rather than make them
U.S. Markets Expand • The Entrepreneurial Spirit • Capitalism – private control of means of production, used for profit • Business capital (money, property, machines) fuels growing economy • Entrepreneurs invest own money in new industries
New Inventions • Inventor-entrepreneurs develop new products • Charles Goodyear creates vulcanized rubber in 1839 • Elias Howe patents sewing machine; • I.M. Singer adds foot treadle
Impact of Inventions • Household Economy • Farmers use mechanized farm equipment • Technology lowers cost of factory items
Economic Revolution • Impact on Communication • Samuel F. B. Morse develops electromagnetic telegraph • messages tapped in code, carried by copper wire • businesses, railroads transmit information • Impact on Transportation • 1807, Robert Fulton’s steamboat – 150 miles upriver in 32 hours • By 1830 steamboats on western rivers cut freight costs, speeds travel
Economic Revolution • Water transport key for moving heavy machinery, raw materials • Canals heavily used for transportation – lowers cost • Canals connect Midwest farmers to Northeast and world markets
Emergence of Railroads • 1840’s, railroad shipping expensive • 1850’s – expansion = drop in cost, safety increased • railroad usage increases dramatically • Effect of Regional Links • Improved transportation, communication
New Markets Link Regions • Southern Agriculture • most south agricultural – cotton, tobacco & rice • no capital for factories; money in land & slaves • Northeast Shipping & Manufacturing • canals, railroads turn NE into center of American commerce • Great rise in manufacturing: more, better, less expensive goods
New Markets Link Regions • Midwest Farming • John Deere invents steel plow • Cyrus McCormick invents mechanical reaper • Farmers shift from subsistence farming to growing cash crops