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Designing Low Power Systems using Battery and Energy Harvesting Energy Sources

Designing Low Power Systems using Battery and Energy Harvesting Energy Sources. Class 3: Energy Harvesting. May 6 th , 2015 Warren Miller. Course Description. Low power systems are all around us and use is exploding- IoT, wearable devices, handheld, energy harvesting, etc

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Designing Low Power Systems using Battery and Energy Harvesting Energy Sources

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  1. Designing Low Power Systems using Battery and Energy Harvesting Energy Sources Class 3: Energy Harvesting May 6th, 2015Warren Miller

  2. Course Description Low power systems are all around us and use is exploding- IoT, wearable devices, handheld, energy harvesting, etc Understanding how to implement low power systems, from batteries or energy harvesting, will be a key skill for engineers in these growing markets. This course will provide sufficient background to get you familiar with the key concepts, techniques and devices needed for the next generation of low power systems.

  3. This Week’s Agenda 5/4/15 An Introduction to Low Power Systems 5/5/15 Battery Power for MCUs and FPGAs 5/6/15 Energy Harvesting 5/7/15 Low Power MCUs and FPGAs 5/8/15 Example Designs

  4. Today’s Class • Goals and Objectives • Energy Harvesting- Sources • Energy Harvesting- Management • Energy Harvesting- Application fit • Energy Harvesting with FPGAs and MCUs • Design Techniques • Resources

  5. Today’s Goals and Objectives Understandthe key considerations when using energy harvesting to power MCUs and FPGAs • Types of energy harvesting sources • Design considerations for MCUs and FPGAs • Typical designs for managingand controlling energy harvesting in common systems

  6. Energy Harvesting • Solar (Photovoltaic) • 2W peak for a 160cm2 surface area • Thermal (TEG) • Thermal to Electrical or Visa Versa • Pressure/Vibration (Piezoelectric) • 5mW for .1 in displacement at 75Hz 16 grams • Air/Fluid Flow • Fans in reverse!

  7. Solar Energy Solar Cell Operation (Simplified) • Photons eject electron/hole pairs • Mobile charges move to electrodes • Current flows to cancel the generated potential difference Power Generation • Single Junction Efficiency Limit= 33.7% • Infinite Junction Limit= 86% • 25% is possible (Panasonic) "Silicon Solar cell structure and mechanism" by Cyferz at en.wikipedia "Solargif1" by Freshman404 "FX-77" by Sergei Frolov

  8. Solar Applications: Micro-inverter • Smaller than central inverters- individual per panel • Usually around 300W (72 cells), invert to AC • MCU control is key, many optional external components

  9. Solar Applications: Micro-converter • Single panel, convert to DC level required • MCU control is key, many optional external components

  10. Solar Power Management • Battery Charging via Solar Power • MCU can be connected as ‘Load’ • Battery provides power when no solar energy • MCU can manage solar panel, battery, logging, etc. • MCU can manage other subsystems, communicate to host

  11. Solar Application Example Battery Charger (MCU control, Charger IC, Boost Converter) • Off grid systems • MCU control is key • Optional external components • When is energy storage needed? Kit

  12. Thermal Energy Source • Thermal Electric Generation (TEG) • Thermal to Electrical (Seebeck effect) • Pairs of N and P doped pellets (Bi2Te3) • Output: 10mV/K to 50mV/K • Source Resistance: 0.5 to 5 Ohm • Load matching, max(Vmax x Imax) • 15 to 30uW/K-cm2 • Thermal Considerations

  13. Thermal Energy Harvesting • LTC3108 Power Converter/Manager • Step-up Transformer plus Internal MOS FET (Resonant Oscillator) • 20mv start-up with 1:100 transformer ratio • VAUX via • Charge pump and Rectifier • 2.2V LDO for MCU • Stable first • VOUT on COUT • Programmable level • Sensors, analog, RF, supercap or battery • Current reservoir for energy bursts • VOUT2: Controlled Output • Power Good

  14. Thermal Application Example Wireless Sensor Application (MCU, Sensors, RF Link) • LTC3108 Power Converter/Manager • Harvest and convert • Power storage • Power to MCU • Fast • Power to sensors • Controlled • Power to RF link • Power bursts needed • MCU • Sensors, Communication, Logging, Encryption, Compression, etc.

  15. Piezoelectric Effect • Material deformation results in a voltage • Works in reverse too • Electric Dipole Moment Change • Examples • Guitar pick-up, drum pads • RPG fuse • Engine control, machine sensors • Ultrasonic generator • Motors (Micromo, etc)

  16. Vibration • Vibration (Piezoelectric) • 5mW at 75MHz • .1 in displacement with 15.6 grams • Source vibration characteristics • Known? • Measure and FFT • Tuning mass • Ring out • Power level

  17. Piezoelectric Management • LTC3588-1 Energy Harvesting Supply • High Output Impedance energy sources • Piezoelectric, Solar, Magnetic • Sub 1uA Quiescent current • Up to 100mA output • Selectable voltages- 1.8/2.5/3.3/3.6V

  18. Resources http://cds.linear.com/docs/en/datasheet/35881fb.pdf http://www.mide.com/pdfs/Volture_Datasheet_001.pdf http://www.cui.com/product/resource/cp85.pdf http://www.ti.com/lit/sl/slyy027/slyy027.pdf http://cds.linear.com/docs/en/lt-journal/LTJournal-V20N3-01-df-LTC3108_09-David_Salerno.pdf http://www.micromo.com/technical-library/piezo-motor-tutorials/piezo-motors-faqs

  19. Additional Resources Microchip XLP Technology ST Micro Ultra Low Power MCUs Silicon Labs Battery Operated MCUs TI Ultra Low Power MCUs RL78 MCUs Renesas RL78 Low Power Evaluation Kit Lattice iCE40 Ultra FPGAs Microsemi IGLOO2 FPGAs WE Energy Harvesting Brochure WE Reference Solution Kits CEC Course- Low Power MCUs Twitter- @warrenkmiller

  20. This Week’s Agenda 5/4/15 An Introduction to Low Power Systems 5/5/15 Battery Power for MCUs and FPGAs 5/6/15 Energy Harvesting 5/7/15 Low Power MCUs and FPGAs 5/8/15 Example Designs

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