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Nutrient Deficiencies

Nutrient Deficiencies. The definitive guide. Macro nutrients. Water (also a source of hydrogen ions) Carbon - air Oxygen - air Nitrogen - air Phosphorus - soil Potassium - soil Calcium - soil Magnesium - soil Sulphur – soil and air.

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Nutrient Deficiencies

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  1. Nutrient Deficiencies The definitive guide

  2. Macro nutrients • Water (also a source of hydrogen ions) • Carbon - air • Oxygen - air • Nitrogen - air • Phosphorus - soil • Potassium - soil • Calcium - soil • Magnesium - soil • Sulphur – soil and air

  3. Nutrient removalWheat and barley grain, Queensland 1988 (tonnes)

  4. Nitrogen deficiency • Light green to yellow appearance esp in older leaves • Stunted growth • Poor fruit development

  5. Phosphorus deficiency • Purple colouration • Stunted plant growth and delayed development • P deficiency in brassicas and lupins (Source WA Dept of Agriculture)

  6. Potassium deficiency • Older leaves turn yellow initially around the margins • Potassium deficient brassicas and lucerne. (Top photo WA Dept of Agriculture)

  7. Calcium deficiency • Blossom end rot of tomatoes • Reduced growth or death of growing tips • Photo one www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/nelsons/Misc/ • Photo two W A Dept of Agriculture

  8. Magnesium deficiency • Initial yellowing of old leaves between veins eg tomatoes and citrus • Spreads to younger leaves • Poor fruit development • Photo one Cornell University • Photo two SBS Vasilis garden

  9. Sulphur deficiency • Initial yellowing of young growth spreading to whole plant • Similar to nitrogen deficiency but affects young leaves first • eg beans http://www.roots.psu.edu

  10. Micro nutrients • Iron • Copper • Manganese • Zinc • Boron • Molybdenum • Chlorine

  11. Iron deficiency • Yellow or white patches between veins similar to magnesium deficiency but mainly on alkaline soils or potting mixes • Spots of dead leaf tissue • Photo 1 pin oak • Photo 2 citrus www.bexar-tx.tamu.edu www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/ hortnews/files/images

  12. Copper deficiency • Sandy soils or high organic matter soils • Light chlorosis • Permanent loss of turgor in the young leaves. • Young leaves may become dark green and twisted or misshapen • Steely wool in sheep • Photo 1 www.progressivegardens.com • Photo 2 www.marc.asci.ncsu.edu

  13. Manganese toxicity • Deficiency rare on Australian soils • Toxicity more common on acid soils • Older leaves with brown spots surrounded by chlorotic zone. • Eg Oranges • www.dpi.nsw.gov.au

  14. Zinc deficiency • Chlorosis between the veins • Eg citrus & sorghum • Occurs in alkaline or low organic matter soils • May occur when soil phosphorus levels are high • Photo 1 www.actagro.com • Photo 2 www.icrisat.org

  15. Molybdenum • Common in low pH soils • Whip tail and leaf distortion in brassicas • May express as nitrogen deficiency • Stunted growth of legumes

  16. Boron deficiency • Hollow heart in brassicas • Death of growing tips in radiata pine • Photo 1 www.umassvegetable.org

  17. Chlorine (salt) toxicity • Yellowing and light brown burn of leaf tip • Burn extends back from tip and moves along leaf margins • There is a variable degree of yellowing ahead of the burnt tissue • Photos 1-3 www.dpi.nsw.gov.au

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