1 / 29

Anatomical Positions and Movements in Exercise Science

This guide introduces the anatomical positions, planes, axes, and basic movements to understand human body structure and movement in exercise science. Learn about flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and other key terms.

jorgep
Download Presentation

Anatomical Positions and Movements in Exercise Science

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Exercise ScienceSection 1: The Anatomical Position • An Introduction to Health and Physical Education • Ted Temertzoglou Paul Challen • ISBN 1-55077-132-9

  2. The Anatomical Position • Anatomical position: Anatomists and physiologists view the human body in this standard starting point • Body in an upright standing position • Face and feet pointing forward • Arms at side and forearms fully supinated (palms facing forward)

  3. Anatomical Planes • Anatomical Planesrelate to positions in space and are at right angles to one another: • Transverse plane: • Divides the body into superior and inferior segments • Sometimes referred to as a cross-sectional view • Sagittal plane: • Divides the body into right and left segments can be (millions of sagittal planes are possible) • Mid-sagittal plane – divides the body into two perfect halves at the mid-line • Frontal (coronal) plane: • Divides the body into anterior and posterior segments

  4. Anatomical Axes • Anatomical Axesare used to describe the direction of movement at joints: • Longitudinal (polar) axis: • In a “north-south” relationship to the anatomical position • Horizontal (bilateral) axis: • In an “east-west” relationship to the anatomical position • Antero-posterior axis: • In a “front-to-back” relationship to the anatomical position

  5. Basic Movements Involving a JointFlexion - Extension • Flexion: decreasing the angle between two bones • Extension: increasing the angle between two bones

  6. Basic Movements Involving a JointAbduction – Adduction – Lateral Flexion • Abduction: moving away from the midline • Adduction: moving towards the midline • Lateral Flexion: moving the spine or neck away from the midline (also sometimes called abduction)

  7. Basic Movements Involving a JointRotation - Internal Rotation - External Rotation • Internal rotation: rotating inward towards the midline (also called medial rotation) • External rotation: rotating outward away from the midline (also called lateral rotation) • Rotation: moving a part around an axis

  8. Basic Movements Involving a JointCircumduction • Circumduction: circular motion (combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction)

  9. Basic Movements Involving a JointSupination - Pronation • Supination: lateral rotation of the hand and forearm • Pronation: medial rotation of the hand and forearm

  10. Basic Movements Involving a JointProtraction - Retraction • Protraction: moving in a forward (anterior) position • Retraction: moving in a backward (posterior) position

  11. Basic Movements Involving a JointDorsiflexion - Plantar Flexion • Dorsiflexion: pointing the foot upward • Plantar flexion: pointing the foot downward

  12. Basic Movements Involving a JointOpposition and Reposition Opposition: moving thumb toward the fingers Reposition: returning thumb back to anatomical position

  13. Basic Movements Involving a JointDepression - Elevation Depression: lowering a part Elevation: raising a part

  14. Basic Movements Involving a JointInversion - Eversion Inversion: moving the sole of the foot toward the median plane Eversion: moving the sole of the foot away from the median plane Inversion

  15. In terms of RUNNING: Some salespeople will refer to the “gait” or running pattern using the following terms: Pronation = dorsiflexion + abduction + eversionSupination = plantarflexion + adduction + inversion

  16. Describing Position and Movement • Anterior: front surface of the body • Posterior: back surface of the body • Superior: refers to structures being closer to the top of the body (excluding limbs) • Inferior: refers to structures being closer to the lower part of the body (excluding limbs) • Medial: towards the midline or mid-sagittal • Lateral: away from the midline or mid-sagittal • Proximal: towards the upper segment of a limb • Distal: towards the lower segment of a limb

  17. Other Terms: (these aren’t in your workbook!) Deep - away from the surface/further into the body Superficial – on the surface or shallow Supine – lying with the back surface downward (face-up) Prone – with the front surface downward (face-down)

  18. Relationship Between Axes and Planes

  19. Finding Axes and Planes • Axis of rotation is always perpendicular to the plane of movement • In the anatomical position: all flexion/extension occurs in the sagittal plane, all abduction/adduction occurs in the frontal plane, and all rotation occurs in the transverse plane • More involved movements usually occur as a combination of motions from more than one plane Longitudinal Axis 90o Transverse Plane

  20. Twirling • What is the axis of rotation? • What is the plane of motion? • Longitudinal/Polar axis • Transverse plane

  21. Various Planes of Movement

  22. Various Planes of Movement

  23. Read chapter 1 and complete the following pages in your workbook for tomorrow: Page 13, 14, 15, 16

More Related