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MANNERISM

The transition from Mannerism to Baroque art marked a significant evolution in Italian artistic expression from the 1520s onward. Mannerism, characterized by deliberate distortions and elongated figures to evoke emotion, gave way to the Baroque, which emphasized grandeur and dramatic effects to captivate the audience. The Baroque period, prominent in late 16th-century Italy, became synonymous with the Catholic Counter-Reformation, utilizing dynamic movement in sculpture and bold architectural designs. The subsequent rise of French Classicism and Dutch Realism further shaped European art by prioritizing balance, order, and realistic depictions of life.

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MANNERISM

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  1. MANNERISM • New movement which replaced the artistic Renaissance in Italy in 1520-1530’s • Mannerism = “in the manner of…” • Deliberate distortion of rules of proportion -> elongated figures showing suffering, anxiety, confusion • Spreads out of Italy • El Greco = greatest mannerist painter – elongated and distorted figures

  2. THE BAROQUE PERIOD • Mannerism is replaced by a new artistic movement – the Baroque • Baroque art begins in Italy in late 16th century • Becomes the art style of the Catholic/Counter Reformation

  3. BAROQUE ART • Use of dramatic effects to stir emotion • Designed to dazzle and wow people • Drama/exuberance/grandeur • Used by Catholic church to communicate religious themes in a dramatic way • In sculpture -> dynamic movement and energy of human forms • In architecture -> bold, dramatic, piling up of details and magnificence – expresses power and control

  4. KEY BAROQUE ARTISTS • Bernini – the colonnade for the piazza at St. Peter’s Basilica/the Ecstasy of St. Teresa • Artemisia Gentileschi – Judith Beheading Holofernes • Caravaggio

  5. FRENCH CLASSICISM • In second half of 17th century France replaces Italy as cultural center of Europe • French Classicism was the style of Louis XIV and his court • Rejected the showy and emotional style of the baroque • Emphasized clarity, simplicity, balance, and order • Focus on themes and style of antiquity…i.e. the classical world • Nicholas Poussin – key artists of French Classicism in painting

  6. DUTCH REALISM • Dutch wealth -> flowering and explosion of Dutch art in 17th century • Dutch burghers commissioned art emphasizing middle class life • Focus on realistic representation of secular everyday life

  7. REMBRANDT • Greatest of the Dutch realist painters of 17th century • Painted numerous self portraits throughout his life • Syndics of the Cloth Guild • The Night Watch

  8. THE SYNDICS OF THE CLOTH GUILD - REMBRANDT

  9. NIGHT WATCH - REMBRANDT

  10. THE WONDEROUS AGE OF THEATER “the bard” THE ELIZABETHAN ERA = PERIOD OF CULTURAL FLOWERING AND LITERARY GENIUS IN ENGLAND • William Shakespeare • Playwright who dominated the Elizabethan Era • Founded and led the Globe Theater in London • Plays exhibit English pride and nationalism • Tragedies – Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth • Comedies – Midsummer Night’s Dream, Measure for Measure, As You Like It • History plays – the Henriad. Richard II

  11. FRENCH THEATER – reflected the classical style - > cool, clever, and polished instead of emotion and imagination • MOLIERE -> comedies • Tartuffe, Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme • RACINE -> tragedies

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