In full sentences on your index card; list three (3) differences between 9 th and 12 th graders.

1. In full sentences on your index card; list three (3) differences between 9th and 12th graders. Do Now:

2. How would you prove it!

3. DO NOW: Write Down Objective (Focus) in your notes. Objective: How is Experimentation Used in Psychology? Experimental psychology is an area of psychology that utilizes scientific methods to research the mind and behavior. In the past, psychological experimentation has been controversial due to unethical experiments. It is now strictly regulated by the American Psychological Association (APA).

4. We are going to play a short game. Is everyone ready to play? If so raise your hand. Is everyone comfortable? Turn your index card over and put your answers on there

5. Look at the list of words below for one minute. Memorize as many words as you can in this amount of time.  Good Job! (a little positive reinforcement ), now same thing with these.

6. Who got 7 or more the first time? Who got at least 5? Who got less? Who got more the second time? Experimental Psychologist George A. Miller says the typical storage capacity for short-term memory is seven to five items. However, strategies such as chunking can significantly based on category, can increase memorization and recall and people remember more words. Please sign your index card and hand up your answers and put them in the box so I can lock them up.

7. What are Ethics? The American Psychological Association 1992 In dealing with human subjects, psychologists follow a code of ethical principles published by the A.P.A. obtain informed consent from all subjects protect subjects from harm and discomfort treat all experimental data confidentially explain the experiment and the results to the subjects afterward Prior to 1970 – this wasn’t always followed.

8. How do we use the Scientific Method in Psychological Research? Variables: Factors that change in an experiment

9. How to tell the difference between variables

10. What is the experimental group?

11. What is the Control Group?

12. What is a Control?

13. Do Sleeping Pills Work? Don’t write…you will have this as a handout

14. What is a double-blind study?

15. Are researchers responsible for their subjects – even if they volunteer for an experiment? Reading: Stanley Milgram Experiment Stanford Prison Experiment

16. 1. What is a hypothesis? Wrap Up

17. 2. What part of an experiment is the Independent Variable?

18. 3. What part of the experiment is the Dependent Variable?

19. 4. What is the experimental group?

20. 5. What is a control group?

21. 6. When would you use a control?

22. 7. What is a placebo and what is its purpose?

23. 8. What are some ethics psychologists must follow in experimentation?

24. Has anyone ever asked you to participate in a research study? Answer survey questions? (Phone, mall, school, online, etc.)What was it about? Do Now:

25. Experiments: Harlow’s Monkeys • In subsequent experiments, Harlow’s monkeys proved that “better late than never” was not a slogan applicable to attachment. When Harlow placed his subjects in total isolation for the first eights months of life, denying them contact with other infants or with either type of surrogate mother, they were permanently damaged. Harlow and his colleagues repeated these experiments, subjecting infant monkeys to varied periods of motherlessness. They concluded that the impact of early maternal deprivation could be reversed in monkeys only if it had lasted less than 90 days, and estimated that the equivalent for humans was six months. After these critical periods, no amount of exposure to mothers or peers could alter the monkeys’ abnormal behaviors and make up for the emotional damage that had already occurred.

26. Primetime Live MilgramRevisted Stanford Prison Experiment Abu Ghraib McDonalds (2003)

27. Reading: Little Albert Experiment Whatever happened to Little Albert?

28. 1. What was the Stanley Milgram Study?2. What was the major outcome?3. What was the most common answer subjects gave for “following authority”?4. Why didn’t the Stanford Prison subjects leave the experiment?5. What happens to Harlow’s monkeys as time goes on?6. How can this be compared to R.A.D.?7. Years after these experiments – incidents still occur. Like what? Wrap Up

29. What types of Research Studies are Used in Psychology? • Objective: There are a variety of ways to conduct psychological experiments. Some are good for one thing, but not for another. There are always pros/cons to each type. • Certain types of studies are: Case Studies, Longitudinal Studies, Cross Sectional Studies, Naturalistic Observation, Lab Studies, Field Studies. There will often be common pitfalls to each type. Write down in notes as focus.

30. Pro Con

31. Pro Con

32. Pro Con

33. Pro Con

34. What bothers you the most about high school?What is it?How would you prove it?How would you find out if it bothers others?How would you find out WHY it’s done?

35. Which method of research would best yield the most accurate data for your question?

36. Scientific Research Project • Use divergent thinking to understand causation and correlation in reference to timing, demographics and how results can be analyzed, choose your question. • Choose your groups. Design your questions. • Discuss how you will collect and measure data. (See me …there are many online survey sites that make this easier). • Delineate tasks in order of group convenience. (Who has study hall which period, who has lunch, who has proximity to target subjects. Who may be busy with sports, play, etc. ….how to include them. All members share accountability. You will work in your group to create surveys to administer to chosen groups earlier in the unit. • Collection/analysis will be performed by group. Schedules for presentations will follow on what expectations the group had, the hypothesis, the results, the controls, the variables, and what they learned from this experiment.

37. Summary • Scientific Method is used in Psychology experiments • Hypothesis: statement of expected results. Can be proved or disproved through observation and experimentation • Experimental Group: Group participating in experiment • Control Group: Group not participating in the experiment • Control: removal of subjects that could skew results • Variables: factors introduced or resulting from experiment • Independent Variable: Variable controlled by Researcher • Dependent Variable: Result of Experiment • Placebo: medicine with no active ingredients – works by power of suggestion • Double Blind Study: Experiment with neither • the subject nor researcher knowing who has the placebo – removes expectations that can skew results • Ethics: Guidelines for Psychological Experiments – results must outweigh risks. • There are many types of psychological studies – each has their pros and cons. • Types: Field Studies, Lab Experiments, Naturalistic Observation, Case Studies, Surveys, Longitudinal and Cross Sectional Studies, and Interviews. • Classical Conditioning: is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.

38. Research Methods Test Test: 40 Multiple Choice (5 Paragraph) Essay (please refer to one of the psych studies: Milgram, Zimbardo, Harlow, or Watson and Rayner