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Learn about directions and bearings in geography, such as using compass points and bearings to determine accurate locations. Discover the differences between true north, grid north, and magnetic north. Find out how to read topographic maps and understand geographic regions.
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Direction – Copy in books • Direction is regularly used to describe the location of an event. • You find the direction of one place from another by using the points of a compass.
16 point compass 090° is EAST 120° is between east and south-east
Bearings are used to give accurate directions- Write notes Directions can be given as an ANGLE, which is called the bearing. A circle has 360 degrees(°). Directions are stated as three-figure bearings clockwise from north (000°) e.g. 135°SE
Complete worksheet on this • Different north points • Topographic maps usually have three north points: • ● true north — This is the true direction of the north pole. Meridians of longitude meet at • the north pole. • ● grid north — This is the direction in which the north–south grid lines are drawn on the • topographic map. They do not form a true north–south position. Grid lines are parallel • to each other. Grid north is used to read direction, because bearings are plotted from grid • north. The difference between true north and grid north is called the grid convergence. • ● magnetic north — This is the direction in which the north point of a compass needle • points. It points to the magnetic north pole. (The south point of the needle points to the • magnetic south pole.) The positions of the magnetic poles change slightly over time. The • direction of magnetic north varies from place to place on the earth, so always check the • direction indicator on the topographic map for the area you are working on. The • difference between magnetic north and grid north is known as the grid–magnetic angle.