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Exploring Neutrino Oscillations: Off-Axis Physics Meeting

Delve into the nuances of neutrino oscillations, potential measurements in matter versus vacuum, and the impact on mass hierarchy determination. Detailed analysis by Gary Feldman from the Cambridge Off-Axis meeting.

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Exploring Neutrino Oscillations: Off-Axis Physics Meeting

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  1. Physics Potential Cambridge Off-Axis Meeting 12 January 2004 Gary Feldman

  2. P(nmne) (in Vacuum) • P(nmne) = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 • P1 = sin2(q23) sin2(2q13) sin2(1.27 Dm132 L/E) • P2 = cos2(q23) sin2(2q12) sin2(1.27 Dm122 L/E) • P3 = J sin(d) sin(1.27 Dm132 L/E) • P4 = J cos(d) cos(1.27 Dm132 L/E) where J = cos(q13) sin(2q12) sin(2q13) sin(2q23) x sin(1.27 Dm132 L/E) sin(1.27 Dm122 L/E) Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 2

  3. P(nmne) (in Matter) • In matter, P1 will be approximately multiplied by (1 ± 2E/ER) and P3 and P4 will be approximately multiplied by (1 ± E/ER), where the top sign is for neutrinos with normal mass hierarchy and antineutrinos with inverted mass hierarchy. About a ±23% effect for NuMI, but only a ±10% effect for JPARC . Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 3

  4. Magnitudes • For long-baseline nm ne oscillations, P1, P3, P4, and the matter effects are all the same order of magnitude. • A measurement of P(nm ne ) measures “sin2(2q13)eff” which is only a crude estimate of sin2(2q13). • Reactor experiments measure sin2(2q13) directly, but have no sensitivity to sign(Dm132) or d. Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 4

  5. Probability Plots • Probability plots assumes a particular result for a measurement of P(nmne) and show • The possible values of sin2(2q13), sign(Dm132), and d consistent with this measurement, and • How another another measurement would discriminate among them. Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 5

  6. P(nmne) = 0.02 at 820 km Note Effect of cos(d) term Ambiguities ( Hidden ambiguity: P1  sin2(q23); if sin2(2q23) = 0.95, sin2(q23) = 0.39 or 0.61) Rough equivalence of reactor and antineutrino measurements Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 6

  7. P(nmne) = 0.05, 0.02, 0.01, and 0.005 at 820 km Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 7

  8. P(nmne) = 0.02 at 820 and 295 km JPARC Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 8

  9. P(nmne) = 0.02 at 820 km Note ambiguities between normal hierarchy and inverted hierarchy. Can combining JPARC and NuMI data help? Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 9

  10. P(nmne) = 0.02 at 820 kmvs. P(nmne) at 295 km Ambiguous points are still fairly close together Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 10

  11. A 2nd Detector at the 2nd Maximum? Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 11

  12. Goals of the Off-Axis Experiment • Primary goal: Find evidence for nmne, determining sin2(2q13) to a factor of 2. • Longer term goal: Determine the mass hierarchy. • Ultimate goal: Precision measurement of the CP-violating phase d. Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 12

  13. 3 s Discovery Potential for nmne Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 13

  14. MINOS Sensitivity tonmne at 3s Discovery Off-Axis Goal Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 14

  15. Sensitivities • To consider sensitivities, I consider one experiment (or one set of experiments) with the expected results and calculate 1, 2, and 3 s contours based on Dc2’s, assuming 5% systematic error on the background. Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 15

  16. Study Points 1 2 Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 16

  17. Point 1: NuMI 3 yr n, 3 yrn4 1020 and 20 1020 pot/yr Proton Driver Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 17

  18. NuMI 3 yr n, 3 yrn4 1020 and 20 1020 pot/yr Proton Driver Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 18

  19. NuMI 3 yr n, 3 yrn, 20 1020 pot/yr and JPARC, Phase 1 Without JPARC Phase 1 With JPARC Phase 1 Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 19

  20. NuMI 3 yr n, 3 yrn, 20 1020 pot/yrand JPARC Phase 2, 2 yr n, 2 yrn JPARC Phase 2 alone Proton Driver Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 20

  21. NuMI 3 yr n, 3 yrn, 2 Detectors and Proton Driver Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 21

  22. 95% CL Resolution of the Mass Hierarchy Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 22

  23. 95% CL Resolution of the Mass Hierarchy with 2 Detectors Gary Feldman Cambridge Off-Axis 12 January 2004 23

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