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Acids and Bases Explained: Understanding pH and Chemical Reactions

Delve into the world of acids and bases with this insightful guide. Learn about indicators, ions, acid characteristics, base properties, and the pH scale. Discover the unique traits of each substance and how they interact in chemical reactions. Dive into examples, definitions, and measurements to grasp the fascinating intricacies of acidic and basic solutions. Unravel the mysteries of chemical behavior and explore the power of hydrogen ions in this educational journey.

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Acids and Bases Explained: Understanding pH and Chemical Reactions

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  1. p. 42-43 in Prentice Hall Biology, Miller and Levine Chapter 2.2 - Acids and Bases

  2. Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble… • What just happened with the witches and their pink potion?

  3. Indicators • Chemicals that respond to a change in H ionconcentration • Change color depending on whether substance is an acid or a base • Examples: • litmus paper • phenolphthalein

  4. Ions • What is an ion? • Answer: positively or negatively charged atom

  5. What is an Acid? • A compound that forms H+ ions in a solution • Example: Hydrochloric acid produced by stomach to digest food (HCl), carbonic acid in carbonated pop (HCO3), sulfuric acid in car batteries (H2SO4)

  6. Characteristics of Acids • Contains Hydrogen (H+) • Turns litmus paper red • Tastes sour • Dissolves metal

  7. What is a Base? • A compound that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution • Example: Lye

  8. Characteristics of Bases • Contains Hydroxide • Turns litmus paper blue • Tastes bitter • Feels slippery

  9. How Do We Measure Acids and Bases? • The pH scale • What does pH stand for • Power of Hydrogen • Scale ranges from 0 to 14

  10. pH Scale: Acids • Acids have a pH below 7 • Strong acids range from 1 to 3 • Strong acid example: HCl

  11. pH Scale: Bases • Bases have a pH above 7 • Strong bases range from 11 to 14 • Strong base example: lye, bleach, drano, Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

  12. pH Scale • pH increases tenfold

  13. Water, Acids and Bases • A water molecule can react to form ions

  14. Water is Neutral • Why is pure water considered “neutral”? • Pure water pH = 7 • Number of positive hydrogen ions equal to negative hydroxide ions produced

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